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CCEA GCSE Biology > Fieldwork & Competition > Flashcards

Fieldwork & Competition Flashcards

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1
Q

Anemometer

1 mark

A

A device for measuring wind speed.

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2
Q

Distribution

1 mark

A

The way in which something is spread out.

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3
Q

Ecosystem

3 marks

A

An area where a community of animals, plants and microorganisms - live together within a habitat

  • along with a range of environmental factors they are affected by.
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4
Q

pH

4 marks

A

Scale of acidity or alkalinity.

A pH (power of hydrogen) value;

  • Below 7 - acidic
  • Above 7 - alkaline
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5
Q

Predator

1 mark

A

Animal that hunts and kills another animal.

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6
Q

Prey

1 mark

A

Animal that is hunted and killed by another for food.

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7
Q

Quadrat

3 marks

A

Square frame of known area used for sampling the abundance + distribution of slow or non-moving organisms.

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8
Q

Biodiversity

1 mark

A

Measure of the number of different species living in an area.

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9
Q

Population

1 mark

A

Number of organisms of the same species living in an area.

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10
Q

Habitat

1 mark

A

Where a population lives.

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11
Q

Environment

3 marks

A

Organism’s surroundings.

Contains factors that influence the organism.

Factors can be divided into abiotic + biotic factors.

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12
Q

Abiotic

1 mark

A

Non-living factors.

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13
Q

Biotic

1 mark

A

Living factors.

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14
Q

Community

1 mark

A

Several populations of different species living in habitats close together.

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15
Q

It is important that sampling methods are:

2 marks

A
  • Reliable

- Representative

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16
Q

Sampling methods;
Importance of a Reliable Sample

(2 marks)

A

Large sample needs to be obtained.

E.g 20 small sections should be sampled if the area is large.

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17
Q

Sampling methods;
Importance of a Representative Sample

(2 marks)

A

Needs to be representative of the entire area being investigated.

Should take place randomly across the larger area, not just concentrated in one small part.

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18
Q

The distribution of organisms in a habitat may be affected by…?

(2 marks)

A

Physical factors

E.g - Temperature and light.

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19
Q

What is used while investigating the number of organisms under time constraints?

(2 marks)

A

Small reliable + respresentative samples

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20
Q

Collecting data depends on

1 mark

A

Organism sampled

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21
Q

What sampling method can be used if the organism moves slowly or not at all?

(1 mark)

A

Quadrat (square frame)

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22
Q

Organisms found inside a Quadrat can be

2 marks

A

Counted or their percentage cover estimated.

23
Q

Percentage Cover

3 marks

A

Percentage of the quadrat covered by each species.

  • usually rounded up to nearest 10%
  • PC under 1-5% is rounded down to 1%
24
Q

Once data for all the quadrats has been collected - what is the next step?

(1 mark)

A

An average for each species can be calculated.

  • gives an idea of the percentage cover of that organism across the entire area being investigated
25
Q

How can the average of each species (collected from quadrat data) be useful?

(1 mark)

A

Gives an idea of the percentage cover of that organism across the entire area being investigated.

26
Q

What can an organisms surroundings (abiotic + biotic factors) influence?

(1 mark)

A

It’s distributions.

27
Q

Abiotic (non-living) factors

5 marks

A
  • Wind speed
  • Water/soil moisture levels
  • pH levels
  • Light
  • Temperature
28
Q

Abiotic factors;

Wind Speed

(3 marks)

A
  • Measured with an anemometer.

- Affects rate of water loss by plants; therefore affects their survival rates in exposed areas.

29
Q

Abiotic factors;

Water/soil moisture levels

(6 marks)

A
  • Measured by finding mass of a soil sample, drying the sample in an oven + reweighing.
  • Difference in mass gives an indication of the percentage soil moisture.
  • Affects survival + therefore distribution of plants + animals.
30
Q

Abiotic factors;

pH levels

(5 marks)

A
  • Measured using a pH probe.
  • Affects survival + therefore distribution of plants.
  • Most plants prefer neutral conditions but some will only grow in acidic or alkaline conditions.
31
Q

Abiotic factors;

Light

(4 marks)

A
  • Measured using a light metre.
  • Affects survival + therefore distribution of plants.
  • All plants need light to Photosynthesise but some can survive with less than others.
32
Q

Abiotic factors;

Temperature

(3 marks)

A
  • Measured with a thermometer.

- Affects the rate of cell reactions like Photosynthesis + Diffusion.

33
Q

Biotic (living) factors

1 mark

A
  • Other plants + animals can affect the distribution of an organism.
34
Q

More difficult factors to measure

1 mark

A

Biotic Factors

35
Q

Examples of how other plants + animals can affect the distribution of an organism.

(3 marks)

A
  • E.g Effect of a predator on its prey - if predator numbers are high, prey numbers will decrease.
  • E.g 2 Competition for food - not enough food means the death of an organism can occur.
36
Q

Competition between animals is usually for

4 marks

A
  • Food
  • Water
  • Territory
  • Mates
37
Q

Competition between plants is usually for

4 marks

A
  • Light
  • Water
  • Minerals
  • Space
38
Q

What can competition affect in plants + animals?

1 mark

A

Population growth

39
Q

What have organisms adapted to?

2 marks

A

Their individual environment

+ to competition for resources.

40
Q

What can humans influence?

1 mark

A

Normal balance of an ecosystem.

41
Q

Grey squirrels

10 marks

A

Not native to UK; introduced from North America.

Population outweighs the red squirrels in some areas.

Eats wider range of food; more needed to survive - can survive in mixed woodland.

Carries a disease fatal to red squirrels - does not affect grey.

Larger squirrels.

Where seeds are small - struggle to obtain enough food.

42
Q

Where were Grey Squirrels introduced from?

1 mark

A

North America

43
Q

What squirrels population outweighs the other in areas?

1 mark

A

Grey outweighs the red.

44
Q

Which squirrel eats a wider range of food but needs more to survive?

(1 mark)

A

Grey Squirrel

45
Q

Which squirrel survive in mixed woodland?

1 mark

A

Grey Squirrel

46
Q

Which squirrel carries a disease fatal to the other?

2 marks

A

Grey squirrels carry a disease fatal to the red squirrels - it does not affect them.

47
Q

Which squirrels are larger?

1 mark

A

Grey squirrel

48
Q

Where seeds are small grey squirrels struggle to obtain enough of this?

(1 mark)

A

Food

49
Q

Less of these squirrels in areas

1 mark

A

Red squirrels

50
Q

What can the grey squirrel do that the red cannot?

1 mark

A

Survive in areas of mixed woodland.

51
Q

What is fatal to the red squirrel but not the grey?

1 mark

A

Disease carried by grey squirrel.

52
Q

Which squirrel dominates in areas where seeds are small?

1 mark

A

Red squirrel

53
Q

Which squirrel needs less food?

1 mark

A

Red squirrel

54
Q

Example of a type of forest where seeds are small

1 mark

A

Conifer forests

CCEA GCSE Biology (33 decks)

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