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Nutrition Final: B > The most important metabolic disorders of poultry > Flashcards

The most important metabolic disorders of poultry Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of mortality in day old chicks

A
  1. Management: temp, air humidity, stock density
  2. Infetious: salmonella and E.coli
  3. Non-infectious: Yolk containing inadequate microelements and vits
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2
Q

Acute death sydrome- what is it also known as, prevalence and predisposition

A

Also known as flip over disease and death on good condition

No signs beforehand. Affects fast growing- they flip over and die in suprine position after a short, wing-beating convulsion

Chickens, turkeys and hybrids, 60-80% males

Prevalence: 0.5-4% of 1-3 day old chicks

Predisposing: genetically- intensive hybrids

Intensive feeding: BWG> heart development- allometric growth

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3
Q

Acute death syndrome: causes of death and prevention

A

Causes of death:

  1. Decr heart function
  2. Circ collapse
  3. Stress triggers arryth- this leads to ventric tachy

Prevention: 10-15% feed restriction for 1 day around day 20– compens growth

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4
Q

What are the 7 most important metabolic disorders of poultry

A
  1. Mortality of day old chicks
  2. Acute death syndrome
  3. Malabs syndrome
  4. Ascites syndrome
  5. Skeletal disorders
  6. Cage layer fatigue
  7. Fatty Liver haem syndrome
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5
Q

Malabs syndrome- what is it also known as and what are the 2 main groups of symptoms

A

Also known as: stunting syndrome/helicopter disease/pale bird syndrome

Symptoms at dat 4-7:

  1. Retarded/uneven growth
  2. Lack pigment in skin, feet and beak
  3. Weak legs
  4. Early mortality
  5. Dx
  6. Undigested feed in faeces
  7. Poor feed conversion ratio

Symptoms at 3-4 wks

  1. Incomplete/ abnormal/ twisted feathers
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6
Q

Malabs syndrome- who does it effect and causes

A

Affects: broiler, chicken, turkey hybrids

Caused by: suspected to be VIRAL but not proven:

  1. Calci
  2. Reo
  3. Corona
  4. Toga
  5. Parvo
  6. Picorna

Non-infectious:

  1. Nutrition: feed containing anti-nutritive and mycotoxins
  2. Heat stress
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7
Q

Malabs: consequences and treatment

A

Decr enzyme activity in the gut- malabs

Active immunity is slow to develop

Treatment: vit supp in drinking water

Broad spec AB’s

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8
Q

Ascites syndrome: what is it also known as, what is it caused by and consequences

A

Also known as Pulm hyperT syndrome/ water belly

Cause: Heart overloaded: R ventricular dilation- incr hydrolic P in vasc system– pushes serum into the abd– CHF– terminal ascites

Cardio-pulm failure:

  • weight gain
  • Decr development of lung (allometric growth)
  • Poor O2 delivery to tissues
  • Insufficient removal of CO2
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9
Q

Ascites syndrome: symptoms and predisposing, who does it affect

A

Symptoms:

  1. Serum in abd
  2. Loose abd wall
  3. Cyanosis
  4. They die on their backs

Affects: Broiler chicks from 3 wks old

Predisposing:

  1. if prone to pulm hyperT
  2. Genotype of intensive hybrids- muscle inbuilding uses a lot of O2 BUT they have a lower lung capacity
  3. Intensive feeding of protein and E
  4. Mycotoxins
  5. Microclimate high in NH3 and CO2
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10
Q

Ascites: prevention and treatment

A

No treatment of the syndrome is developed

Prevention:

  • For endangered breeds
  • Less intensive/restrictive feed: decr protein and E
  • Better vent
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11
Q

Skeletal disorders: predisposing and differentials

A

Predisposing:

  1. Genotype: intensive hybrids
  2. Intensive feeding
  3. Abs or rel vit and min def
  4. Antinutritive compounds in the feed

Differentials: infectious skeletal disorders caused by:

  1. Mycoplasma syn
  2. E.coli
  3. Coag (+) staph
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12
Q

What are the 4 main skeletal disorders

A
  1. Rickets (juvenile osteomalatia)
  2. Perosis (Chondrodystrophy)
  3. Torsion of tibia= Valgus varus deformity
  4. Tibial dyschondroplasia
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13
Q

Rickets: causes and consequences

A

Rubbery bones that cannot support BW

Causes:

  1. Ca, Vit D and K def, inadequate Ca:P
  2. Malabs disease

Consequences:

  1. Failed mineralisation
  2. Abnormal endochondral ossification
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14
Q

Perosis: causes and consequences

A

Causes: secondary to nutritional def:

  1. Choline
  2. Biotin
  3. Vit B6
  4. Folic acid
  5. Manganese

Consequence

  1. Retarded growth of long bones
  2. Widening of tibiotarsal joint
  3. Twisting of dist tibia/prox metatarsus
  4. Gastrocnemius tendon slips from condyles
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15
Q

Torsion of tibia: Consequences, ocurrence and it’s multiple etiology

A

Outward or inward deviation of tibiotarsus- deviation of the tarsometatarsus- makes it more likely to suffer from slipped tendon or fracture

Usually occurs on both legs

Occurrence: young chicks with poorly mineralized bones at hatching

Multiple etiology:

  1. Growth rate
  2. Balance btw rate of growth and rate of bone maturation
  3. Weight
  4. Genetics
  5. Exercise
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16
Q

Tibial dyschondroplasia: what it is and causes and consequences, predisposing factors

A

Abnormal cart development in the prox tibia

Cause: failed chondrocytes diff

Consequences: focal thickening of growth plate

Predisposing:

  1. Genetics
  2. Rapid growth
  3. Insuff C:P
  4. Acid base disturbances
  5. Metab acidosis- xs chloride in feed
  6. Cu def
  7. Fusarium spp in feed
17
Q

Cage layer fatigue: cause, occurrence and predisposing

A

It is osteoparalysis

Caused by disorders in Ca metab- when medullary bone reserves are depleted and bird uses cortical bone

Occurs: in high yield layers kept in battery cages

Predisp:

  1. Keeping young layers in battery cages
  2. At peak egg prod
18
Q

Cage layer fatigue: symptoms and treatment

A

Symptoms:

  1. Cannot eat
  2. Cannot stand
  3. Spont fractures
  4. Thin eggshell

Treatment

  1. Ca
  2. Vit D
  3. Vit C- to activate the vit D and to aid mineralization
19
Q

Fattly liver haemorrhagic syndrome:Causes and predisposing

A

Distrubed fat metab in high yield layers

Cause: incr de novo fat synth in the liver, liver is 40% fat DM

Predisp:

  1. Carb rich ration- incr insulin- incr lipid synth
  2. Incr egg prod– incr blood E2– incr lipid synth
  3. when no activity in the cages— no secretion of catabolic hormones
20
Q

Fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome: Symptoms and Treatment

A

Symptoms:

  1. Decr egg prod- up to 30-40%
  2. Fat acc in liver cells and abd
  3. Subscap haem
  4. Collapse of blood circ

Treatment:

Decr carbs (starch)

Can potentially replace some of the starch with veg oil 5-6%

Nutrition Final: B (27 decks)

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