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Nutrition Final: B > Dietetics of Obesity, Equine Metabolic Syndrome, Chronic Starvation of horses > Flashcards

Dietetics of Obesity, Equine Metabolic Syndrome, Chronic Starvation of horses Flashcards

1
Q

How is obesity measured in horses?

A

Hennekes 9 point system

Bofy fat> 20-25% of body weight

Overfed but undernourished

BCS of 7 is overweight

BCS of 8 or 9 is obese

Breed

Obesity type

Cresty neck/type score

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2
Q

Relationship between BCS and WAT

A

Nuchal/periorbital fat: poor indicator of total WAT

Heart girth: height at withers and US of retroperitoneal fat are good indicators of WAT

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3
Q

Contributing factors of obesity

A
  1. E intake and expenditure imbalance
  2. Genetic
  3. Hormonal
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4
Q

E intake and expenditures imbalance

A

E dense feeds

Ponies left to pasture will consume DM up to 5% of BW

Low exercise becuase of confinement

Grandma effect

Husbandry- winter associated weight loss

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5
Q

Genetical contribution to obesity

A

“easy keeper”

Inherited survival ability on low quality forages

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6
Q

Hormonal contribution to obesity

A

Leptin!!

Resistance: decr leptin production

Hyperleptinaemia: decr insulin sensitivity

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7
Q

Conditions that mey be worsened by obesity

A
  1. Ortho
  2. Endocrine/metabolic
  3. Abd/intestinal

Misc

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8
Q

Ortho problems that can be worsened by obesity

A

OA

Laminitis

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9
Q

Endocrine/metabolic problems that can be worsened by obesity

A

EMS

Insulinaemia/ dysinsulinaemia

Glucose intol

Hyperlipidaemia/ hepatic lipidosis

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10
Q

Abd/ intestinal disorders that could be worsened by obesity

A

Pedunculated lipomas

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11
Q

Misc disorders that could be worsened by obesity

A

Heat and exercise intolerance

Exacerbation of age related pro-inflamm states

Obese pregnant mares give birth to foals that have higher risk of developing DOD or dysinsulinaemias

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12
Q

What is EMS and how do you diagnose

A

Obesity

!! insulin resistance

Laminitis

Can be acute or chronic and can be clinical or subclinical

Diagnose: with oral glucose tolerance test or IV glucose tolerance test- frequent sampling

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13
Q

Treatment and diet for EMS

A

Goal is weight loss

NO GRAIN

Should be hay based- soak to remove sugars

Limit grass: dry lots, grazing collar, turnout field

Supplements: vit E, mins, aa’s, Metformine and levothyroxine

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14
Q

Amount of hay in diet of EMS

A

1-1.5% of BW

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15
Q

Amount of vit E to supplement to EMS horse

A

1000 IU/ day

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16
Q

PPID- what is it and how to diagnose

A

Eq Cushing’s!!

Older than 15

Hypophysis adenoma- degen neuro disease

Diagnose with ACTH or TRH response test

17
Q

Clinical signs of PPID (9)

A
  1. Weight loss
  2. Lethargy
  3. Insulin resistance
  4. Laminitis
  5. Hirsutism
  6. Immunosupp
  7. Repro problems
  8. Localized adipose deposits
  9. Muscle atrophy
18
Q

Treatment of PPID

A

Pergolide (dopamine receptor agonist)

Give diet for insulin resistance (and aim to keep them lean)

Alfalfa

Antiox

Oil (omega 3)

Magnesium/ chromium

19
Q

Acute starvation

A

Ponies and donkeys can have serious implications!- insulin resist, disease, stress

Catab of body fats and proteins

Metab of the fats leads to overproduction of VLDL in the liver- hyperlipaemia and hepatic lipidosis (no ketonaemia)

20
Q

Lab results and treatment of acute starvation

A

Incr TG’s in the blood?

Treat via the diet!

Molasses coated grains

High quality hay

Branched chain aa’s

21
Q

Chronic Starvation

A

The catab state remains

There is a decrease in the floowing:

  1. Protein turnover
  2. Gut size and integrity
  3. Gut activity
  4. Body mass
  5. Activity levels

The decrease of all these leads to a decreased metab rate!!

  • decr BCS
  • Decr immunity: incr endoparasitism and systemic illnesses
  • Gastric ulceration
  • Cold intolerance
22
Q

Killing with kindness- the refeeding syndrome

A

Start and go slow to avoid cardiac failure

Warm the environment and separate management- careful monitoring of the DMI

Must watch the insulin response- because it drives Mg. K, P IC and this could lead to hypophosphataemia

23
Q

Clinical signs and lab results of the refeeding sydrome

A

Incr leptin, TG and urea

Arrhythmias

Rhabdomyolysis

Paralysis

24
Q

How to avoid the refeeding sydrome

A

Aim to avoid overwhelming the foregut digestions!!

Give good quality hay/haylage 1kg every 2 hours and then ad lib

Supplement vit E and Se

Nutrition Final: B (27 decks)

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