Dietetics of Chronic Renal Failure

Question 1

Pathophysio of CKD

Answer 1

Irreversible lesions of the kidney- may occur over mnths/years

Loss of more than 75% of the organs functionality

Usually in older animals

Question 2

Treatment/support (3)

Answer 2

1. Treat acidosis: sodium bicarbonate or potassium citrate
2. Prevent anaemia: Erythropoietin, Ca and vit D
3. Prevent protein and P acc

Question 3

Clinical consequences (5)

Answer 3

1. PU/PD
2. Poor appetite
3. Weight loss
4. Poor coat
5. Dx and vomitting

Question 4

Signs of: (4)

Answer 4

1. Anaemia
2. Stomatitis
3. Tremors
4. Hypotension

Question 5

What is glomerulonephritis?

Answer 5

Proteinuria- causing a continuous loss of protein

Inflamm of the nephrons (but they are not dead)

Question 6

Clinical signs and treatment of glomerulonephritis

Answer 6

1. Hypoalbuminaemia
2. Ascites
3. Hydrothorax
4. SC edema

Treatment: decr protein and Na

Question 7

Nutritional management of CKD (3) aims

Answer 7

1. Aim to decr load on the kidneys with a low protein diet
2. Precent P acc
3. Replace the lost water soluble vits

Question 8

Nutritional management: the feed components

Answer 8

1. Protein
2. Phosphorus
3. Supplements
4. Fibre

Question 9

Protein

Answer 9

Low quality but high BV

Ca: 14-18% (usually 18% and in puppies 22%)

Fe: 25-28% (usually 30-40%)

Don’t eliminate protein completely! Otherwise hair loss and lumpy jaw

Question 10

Phosphorus

Answer 10

Decr levels to help the serum levels

NO meat

Dairy is ok

Insoluble salts that absorb P

Question 11

Supplements

Answer 11

Ca and Vit D

Omega 3 PUFA’s

Antiox

Question 12

Fibre

Answer 12

Should remain unchanged

(sources sugar beet pulp and guar gum)

Question 13

When should you introduce the prescription diet, and what form should the diet take?

Answer 13

At stage 2- when there is an incr in blood creatinine levels, the UP:C ratio and systolic BP

Should be moist/canned food