Feeding of Hard-Working dogs. Dietetic treatment of Tumours in dogs Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the hard working dogs and what are the main differences in their diets

A

Sporting e.g greyhounds. CP 23% and NFE of 40%

Working (hunting, patrol and rescue) CP of 30% and fat of 20%- give these dogs small meals daily

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2
Q

Dietary components of working dogs (6)

A
Meat
Fish 
Offal
Whey powder 
Heat treated cereals 
Antiox: vit E and Se because FR's are produced during work
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3
Q

What was the traditional feed of racing greyhounds

A

Fresh red meat (50-70%) and cereals 1kg/day- but these carry zoonotic pathogens and are excessively bulky

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4
Q

Current feed for racing greyhounds

A

E dense compounded dry feed replaces the meat (400g/day)

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5
Q

Breakfast and evening meal of greyhound

A

Breakfast: carb based e.g cooked cereal biscuits

Eve meal: Lean meat, dry food (and maybe additional veg)

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6
Q

Additional supplements for greyhounds (7)

A
Vit E: 1000 IU a day 
Vit C: max 250 IU a day 
Vit D: 120%
Vit B2
Iron: 15mg 
Ca: 20mg 
Electrolytes, mins and trace mins 2-3
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7
Q

Unique characteristics of the cancer cell vs normal cell

A

E only from anaerobic glycolysis- therefore lots of lactic acid production
Glutamate is the essential aa (glutamine undergoes glutaminolysis to become glutamate– then alpha keto glutarate and then this enters the TCA)
Only 5 ATP are produced vs the normal 32 ATP

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8
Q

Pathophysio changes in Cancer (5)

A
Insulin resistance 
Inflamm 
Acidosis
Decr appetite 
Altered AA ditrib by the liver
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9
Q

Insulin resist

A
Decr carb utilization:
Hyperglycaemia 
Hyperosmolarity
Decr liver function
Lactic acid prod
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10
Q

Altered AA distrib by the liver

A

Incr in APP’s

Cell mediated immune response– incr GNG– lean body % decr— cachexia

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11
Q

Considerations of the dietetic treatment of cancer

A

Personalized acc to the cell type
Must decide: if operable, is chemo the best option, is patient in the end phase
Dietetic anamnesis:
What is fed? e.g prescription vs homemade
How many times a day and the method
BCS
Keep a diary and re-evaluate

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12
Q

Goal of dietary treatment, what are the different scenarios?(6)

A
If tumour is operable and good condition
Pre or postop
Tumour inoperable 
Metastasis 
No metastasis 
If undergoing chemo
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13
Q

Goal of dietary treatment if tumour is operable and condition is good

A

Reduce and prevent further metastasis and recidives

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14
Q

Goal of dietary treatment: pre and postop- background info

A

Must try to starve the cancer cells
Tunour tissues higher in E, protein, vits and mineral because rapid growth requires aa’s, vits and mins
E utilization from fats and oils is slow and difficult
“Warburg effect”- cells get E exclusively anaerobically, which is only 1/8th of that provided by ox phosphorylation

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15
Q

Goal of dietary treatment: pre and postop- plan of action

A

Must drastically decr feed!!!!
give 1/4 of maint: ME, MJ= 0.13xW to the power of 0.75- this roughly equates to 100g food/30kg LW (instead of usual 500g)

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16
Q

Goal of dietary treatment: if tumour is inoperable

A

Prolong life

Give analgesia for pain

17
Q

Feed components to include if the tumour is inoperable (and for cancer in general?) 14

A
Carbs 
Fats and oils 
Omega 3
Protein
Arginine 
Glutamine
Phe and Tyr 
Gly 
Homocysteine>methionine 
Iron
Antiox 
Immunomodulants 
Hydroxyl beta methyl butyrate 
Bowman-birk protase inhibitor
18
Q

Carbs

A

VERy low because you don’t want to give the tumour cell E

<25%

19
Q

Fats and oils

A

INCR to 20-40%

Especially in cats

20
Q

Omega 3

A

Min 5% DM

Omega 3:6 should be 1:1-3 (instead of 1-5, or 1-10) because its anti-inflamm

21
Q

Protein

A

Incr big time, esp in the cat! 30-45%, 40-50%
Must be HBV and easily digestible- because urea prod has decr (want to minimise load on liver and kidney)
Arg and Biotin- to support the urea cycle
L-carnithine: 50-300 mg/ dog BID because L-carnithol transferase improves the functional activity of the liver

22
Q

Arginine

A

Min 2% of DM (0.23g/LWkg)

23
Q

Glutamine

A

Same amount as Arg (0.23g/LWkg)

Necessary for healthy gut mucus membranes

24
Q

Phe and Tyr

A

Keep LOW

25
Q

Glycine

A

Incr because it helps to decr chemotoxicity

26
Q

Fe

A

Decr- because this can stim ox

27
Q

Antiox

A

Vit E, C and Se

To inhibit the nitrosamine reaction which causes further mutations

28
Q

Immunomodulants

A

Mg
Beta carotene
Vit B6, C and E
Nucleotides

29
Q

Hydroxyl beta methyl butyrate

A

0.05 g/kg

To help prevent muscle degen

30
Q

Bowman-Birk protase inhibitor

A

Incr CCK for improved enteral morphometry

31
Q

Goal of dietary treatment: when metastasis

A

Very similar to inoperable tumour
Prolong lifespan
Good quality of life

32
Q

Goal of dietary treatment: when no metastasis

A

Pre and post surgical care
1/3–1/2 of the calculated amount
Antiox

33
Q

Goal of dietary treatment: if undergoing chemo

A

Treat the vomitting

34
Q

What type of diet for cancer patients

A

Moist
Palatable
Highly digestible