Feeding of Hard-Working dogs. Dietetic treatment of Tumours in dogs

Question 1

Who are the hard working dogs and what are the main differences in their diets

Answer 1

Sporting e.g greyhounds. CP 23% and NFE of 40%

Working (hunting, patrol and rescue) CP of 30% and fat of 20%- give these dogs small meals daily

Question 2

Dietary components of working dogs (6)

Answer 2

Meat
Fish 
Offal
Whey powder 
Heat treated cereals 
Antiox: vit E and Se because FR's are produced during work

Question 3

What was the traditional feed of racing greyhounds

Answer 3

Fresh red meat (50-70%) and cereals 1kg/day- but these carry zoonotic pathogens and are excessively bulky

Question 4

Current feed for racing greyhounds

Answer 4

E dense compounded dry feed replaces the meat (400g/day)

Question 5

Breakfast and evening meal of greyhound

Answer 5

Breakfast: carb based e.g cooked cereal biscuits

Eve meal: Lean meat, dry food (and maybe additional veg)

Question 6

Additional supplements for greyhounds (7)

Answer 6

Vit E: 1000 IU a day 
Vit C: max 250 IU a day 
Vit D: 120%
Vit B2
Iron: 15mg 
Ca: 20mg 
Electrolytes, mins and trace mins 2-3

Question 7

Unique characteristics of the cancer cell vs normal cell

Answer 7

E only from anaerobic glycolysis- therefore lots of lactic acid production
Glutamate is the essential aa (glutamine undergoes glutaminolysis to become glutamate– then alpha keto glutarate and then this enters the TCA)
Only 5 ATP are produced vs the normal 32 ATP

Question 8

Pathophysio changes in Cancer (5)

Answer 8

Insulin resistance 
Inflamm 
Acidosis
Decr appetite 
Altered AA ditrib by the liver

Question 9

Insulin resist

Answer 9

Decr carb utilization:
Hyperglycaemia 
Hyperosmolarity
Decr liver function
Lactic acid prod

Question 10

Altered AA distrib by the liver

Answer 10

Incr in APP’s

Cell mediated immune response– incr GNG– lean body % decr— cachexia

Question 11

Considerations of the dietetic treatment of cancer

Answer 11

Personalized acc to the cell type
Must decide: if operable, is chemo the best option, is patient in the end phase
Dietetic anamnesis:
What is fed? e.g prescription vs homemade
How many times a day and the method
BCS
Keep a diary and re-evaluate

Question 12

Goal of dietary treatment, what are the different scenarios?(6)

Answer 12

If tumour is operable and good condition
Pre or postop
Tumour inoperable 
Metastasis 
No metastasis 
If undergoing chemo

Question 13

Goal of dietary treatment if tumour is operable and condition is good

Answer 13

Reduce and prevent further metastasis and recidives

Question 14

Goal of dietary treatment: pre and postop- background info

Answer 14

Must try to starve the cancer cells
Tunour tissues higher in E, protein, vits and mineral because rapid growth requires aa’s, vits and mins
E utilization from fats and oils is slow and difficult
“Warburg effect”- cells get E exclusively anaerobically, which is only 1/8th of that provided by ox phosphorylation

Question 15

Goal of dietary treatment: pre and postop- plan of action

Answer 15

Must drastically decr feed!!!!
give 1/4 of maint: ME, MJ= 0.13xW to the power of 0.75- this roughly equates to 100g food/30kg LW (instead of usual 500g)

Question 16

Goal of dietary treatment: if tumour is inoperable

Answer 16

Prolong life

Give analgesia for pain

Question 17

Feed components to include if the tumour is inoperable (and for cancer in general?) 14

Answer 17

Carbs 
Fats and oils 
Omega 3
Protein
Arginine 
Glutamine
Phe and Tyr 
Gly 
Homocysteine>methionine 
Iron
Antiox 
Immunomodulants 
Hydroxyl beta methyl butyrate 
Bowman-birk protase inhibitor

Question 18

Carbs

Answer 18

VERy low because you don’t want to give the tumour cell E

<25%

Question 19

Fats and oils

Answer 19

INCR to 20-40%

Especially in cats

Question 20

Omega 3

Answer 20

Min 5% DM

Omega 3:6 should be 1:1-3 (instead of 1-5, or 1-10) because its anti-inflamm

Question 21

Protein

Answer 21

Incr big time, esp in the cat! 30-45%, 40-50%
Must be HBV and easily digestible- because urea prod has decr (want to minimise load on liver and kidney)
Arg and Biotin- to support the urea cycle
L-carnithine: 50-300 mg/ dog BID because L-carnithol transferase improves the functional activity of the liver

Question 22

Arginine

Answer 22

Min 2% of DM (0.23g/LWkg)

Question 23

Glutamine

Answer 23

Same amount as Arg (0.23g/LWkg)

Necessary for healthy gut mucus membranes

Question 24

Phe and Tyr

Answer 24

Keep LOW

Question 25

Glycine

Answer 25

Incr because it helps to decr chemotoxicity

Question 26

Fe

Answer 26

Decr- because this can stim ox

Question 27

Antiox

Answer 27

Vit E, C and Se

To inhibit the nitrosamine reaction which causes further mutations

Question 28

Immunomodulants

Answer 28

Mg
Beta carotene
Vit B6, C and E
Nucleotides

Question 29

Hydroxyl beta methyl butyrate

Answer 29

0.05 g/kg

To help prevent muscle degen

Question 30

Bowman-Birk protase inhibitor

Answer 30

Incr CCK for improved enteral morphometry

Question 31

Goal of dietary treatment: when metastasis

Answer 31

Very similar to inoperable tumour
Prolong lifespan
Good quality of life

Question 32

Goal of dietary treatment: when no metastasis

Answer 32

Pre and post surgical care
1/3–1/2 of the calculated amount
Antiox

Question 33

Goal of dietary treatment: if undergoing chemo

Answer 33

Treat the vomitting

Question 34

What type of diet for cancer patients

Answer 34

Moist
Palatable
Highly digestible