Feeding of Hard-Working dogs. Dietetic treatment of Tumours in dogs Flashcards
Who are the hard working dogs and what are the main differences in their diets
Sporting e.g greyhounds. CP 23% and NFE of 40%
Working (hunting, patrol and rescue) CP of 30% and fat of 20%- give these dogs small meals daily
Dietary components of working dogs (6)
Meat Fish Offal Whey powder Heat treated cereals Antiox: vit E and Se because FR's are produced during work
What was the traditional feed of racing greyhounds
Fresh red meat (50-70%) and cereals 1kg/day- but these carry zoonotic pathogens and are excessively bulky
Current feed for racing greyhounds
E dense compounded dry feed replaces the meat (400g/day)
Breakfast and evening meal of greyhound
Breakfast: carb based e.g cooked cereal biscuits
Eve meal: Lean meat, dry food (and maybe additional veg)
Additional supplements for greyhounds (7)
Vit E: 1000 IU a day Vit C: max 250 IU a day Vit D: 120% Vit B2 Iron: 15mg Ca: 20mg Electrolytes, mins and trace mins 2-3
Unique characteristics of the cancer cell vs normal cell
E only from anaerobic glycolysis- therefore lots of lactic acid production
Glutamate is the essential aa (glutamine undergoes glutaminolysis to become glutamate– then alpha keto glutarate and then this enters the TCA)
Only 5 ATP are produced vs the normal 32 ATP
Pathophysio changes in Cancer (5)
Insulin resistance Inflamm Acidosis Decr appetite Altered AA ditrib by the liver
Insulin resist
Decr carb utilization: Hyperglycaemia Hyperosmolarity Decr liver function Lactic acid prod
Altered AA distrib by the liver
Incr in APP’s
Cell mediated immune response– incr GNG– lean body % decr— cachexia
Considerations of the dietetic treatment of cancer
Personalized acc to the cell type
Must decide: if operable, is chemo the best option, is patient in the end phase
Dietetic anamnesis:
What is fed? e.g prescription vs homemade
How many times a day and the method
BCS
Keep a diary and re-evaluate
Goal of dietary treatment, what are the different scenarios?(6)
If tumour is operable and good condition Pre or postop Tumour inoperable Metastasis No metastasis If undergoing chemo
Goal of dietary treatment if tumour is operable and condition is good
Reduce and prevent further metastasis and recidives
Goal of dietary treatment: pre and postop- background info
Must try to starve the cancer cells
Tunour tissues higher in E, protein, vits and mineral because rapid growth requires aa’s, vits and mins
E utilization from fats and oils is slow and difficult
“Warburg effect”- cells get E exclusively anaerobically, which is only 1/8th of that provided by ox phosphorylation
Goal of dietary treatment: pre and postop- plan of action
Must drastically decr feed!!!!
give 1/4 of maint: ME, MJ= 0.13xW to the power of 0.75- this roughly equates to 100g food/30kg LW (instead of usual 500g)
Goal of dietary treatment: if tumour is inoperable
Prolong life
Give analgesia for pain
Feed components to include if the tumour is inoperable (and for cancer in general?) 14
Carbs Fats and oils Omega 3 Protein Arginine Glutamine Phe and Tyr Gly Homocysteine>methionine Iron Antiox Immunomodulants Hydroxyl beta methyl butyrate Bowman-birk protase inhibitor
Carbs
VERy low because you don’t want to give the tumour cell E
<25%
Fats and oils
INCR to 20-40%
Especially in cats
Omega 3
Min 5% DM
Omega 3:6 should be 1:1-3 (instead of 1-5, or 1-10) because its anti-inflamm
Protein
Incr big time, esp in the cat! 30-45%, 40-50%
Must be HBV and easily digestible- because urea prod has decr (want to minimise load on liver and kidney)
Arg and Biotin- to support the urea cycle
L-carnithine: 50-300 mg/ dog BID because L-carnithol transferase improves the functional activity of the liver
Arginine
Min 2% of DM (0.23g/LWkg)
Glutamine
Same amount as Arg (0.23g/LWkg)
Necessary for healthy gut mucus membranes
Phe and Tyr
Keep LOW
Glycine
Incr because it helps to decr chemotoxicity
Fe
Decr- because this can stim ox
Antiox
Vit E, C and Se
To inhibit the nitrosamine reaction which causes further mutations
Immunomodulants
Mg
Beta carotene
Vit B6, C and E
Nucleotides
Hydroxyl beta methyl butyrate
0.05 g/kg
To help prevent muscle degen
Bowman-Birk protase inhibitor
Incr CCK for improved enteral morphometry
Goal of dietary treatment: when metastasis
Very similar to inoperable tumour
Prolong lifespan
Good quality of life
Goal of dietary treatment: when no metastasis
Pre and post surgical care
1/3–1/2 of the calculated amount
Antiox
Goal of dietary treatment: if undergoing chemo
Treat the vomitting
What type of diet for cancer patients
Moist
Palatable
Highly digestible
