Dietetics of pancreas disease (dogs and cats) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nutritional objective for Pancreatic insufficiency that is NOT exocrine

A

Decr intestinal load
Avoid clinical signs
Replace the digestive enzymes

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2
Q

What is NPO

A

NIL PER OS
When there is serious, massive vomitting, that may have been caused by acute, slight enteritis, acute gastritis or pancreatitis
Aim to rehydrate and stop the vomitting
Max for 24-48 hrs

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3
Q

The nutrient content of prescription diets and the type of diet

A
  1. Incr or normal CP, make it highly digestible (so low residue) and HBV
  2. Decr fibre to <2%
  3. Decr fat to <10%
  4. Supplements and Additives: digestive enzymes, fat soluble vits, prebiotics, DHA and EPA
    * *small meals more often, canned or soaked dry food
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4
Q

Exocrine role of the pancreas

A

1) acinar cells:
digestive enzymes- lipase, amylase and trypsin
Inactive proenzymes/zymogens: trypsinogen, proelastase and phospholipase
2) duct cells:
Bicarbonate to buffer gastric content
Intrinsic factor for Cobalamin/B12 abs
Colipase: is a cofactor for lipase

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5
Q

Endocrine function of the pancreas

A

Langerhans islet cells secrete insulin and glucagon

Regulate BG levels

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6
Q

What is the starch digesting enzyme and the endproduct

A

Amylase and endproduct is Maltose

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7
Q

What are the protein digesting enzymes and the endproducts

A

Peptidase, Chymotrypsin, Trypsin, Carboxypeptidase, Nucleotidase, Nucleosidase, Nuclease
Oligopeptides, dipeptides, Aa’s, nucleoside, phosphate

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8
Q

What enzyme digests fat and what are the endproducts

A

Lipase

FFA’s, glycerol and mono-diglyceride

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9
Q

Acute pancreatitis and treatment

A
Dogs more so than cats 
Multiple etiology 
NPO (even water) for 3-5 days 
Incr carbs, decr fats
Give 3-5 meals per day
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10
Q

EPI what it is and progression

A

Congenital in dogs: autosomal rec in GS and rough coated collies, rare in cats
Insufficient digestive enxyme production in the pancreas (only 10%) or obstruction of the pancreatic duct by e.g tumour
Chronic necrotic/atrophic damage by autominnume or virus Leads to maldigestion (feed not properly broken down) and malabs (the nutrients are not passing to the blood or lymphatics)

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11
Q

Clinical signs of EPI (7)

A
  1. Decr BW despite normal appetite and feed intake
  2. Osmotically active ingesta– water influx then chronic Dx
  3. Coprophagy
  4. vit def- skin and fur, mild anaemia
  5. Faeces- high vol, pale, undigested fat
  6. IDDM can develop
  7. Small bowel disease can develop because of the bact overgrowth
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12
Q

Lab findings to diagnose EPI

A
  1. TLI of canine serum: conc is less than or equal to 2.5mcg/L
  2. Faecal elastase test- ELISA
  3. Faecal smear and staining to detect the undigested feed particles: GIEMSA for straited muscle, LUGOL for starch, SUDAN for lipid droplets
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13
Q

Nutritional treatment of EPI (6)

A
  1. Make it highly digestible
  2. Decr fat- this may cause def in fat soluble vits and PUFA’s
  3. Low fibre
  4. Moderate level of HBV protein
  5. Supplement the digestive enzymes lifelong! Dipankrin in intestinal solvent capsule, or give fresh bovine pancreas in every meal
  6. Incr feeding intervals to 4x a day, but smaller amounts
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14
Q

Causes of acute pancreatitis (5)

A
  1. Medications
  2. Infections
  3. Obesity
  4. Trauma
  5. Shock
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15
Q

What are the symptoms of acute pancreatitis?

A
  1. Abd distension
  2. Lack of appetite
  3. Vomiting
  4. Dehydration
  5. Yellow greasy stools
  6. Depression
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