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Nutrition Final: B > Non-infectious abortions > Flashcards

Non-infectious abortions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal of nutrition?

A

Better repro performance

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2
Q

Terminology: differences between abortion, embryonic death and still birth

A

Abortion: termination of pregnancy AFTER organogenesis but BEFORE expelled fetus could sruvive. Includes stillbirth, mummification, weak/deformed neonates.

Embryonic death: End of gestation BEFORE organogenesis

Still birth: death of full-term fetus, lungs are not inflated

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3
Q

Possible causes of abortion

A

Death of embryo

Contractions of uterus

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4
Q

Possible causes of embryonal mortality

A

Cancerogenic and teratogenic

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5
Q

Factors in question now regarding nidation

A

Uterine fluid pH and composition

Protein overfeeding

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6
Q

What are the 12 causes of non-infectious abortions

A
  1. PGE2 surge before abortion
  2. Spontaneous/habitual- stress induced
  3. Def in nutrients, vits or minerals
  4. Technological pollutants
  5. Industrial pollutants
  6. Mycotoxins
  7. Synergestic reactoins
  8. Immune incompetence
  9. Allergies
  10. COX system- arachidonic metab
  11. Amoeba, parasites, algae
  12. Cyanotoxins
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7
Q

PGE3 surge before abortion (5)

A

Stress/ social stress

Lack of nutriens, vits and minerals

Pollution

Allergy/immune

Toxic effects of microbes and algae

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8
Q

What are the pollutants causing the PGE2 surge before abortion? (6)

A

Phytotoxins

Mycotoxins

Heavy metals

Pesticides

Nitrate- nitrites

Thyreostatics

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9
Q

Spontaneous (habitual) abortion- stress factors (4)

A

Social stress- Calhouns rats- behavioural sink caused by overpopulation

Bruce-barton- phermones– mice and rats

Environment- heat, humidity, noisy flooring etc

Transport

Hierarchy-esp in sows and cows

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10
Q

Nutrient, vits or min deficiency (7)

A

Energy

Protein

Iodine

Vit K

Folic acid

Biotin

Vit A- this can be OD or def

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11
Q

E def

A

No fertilization and is abortive only in goats

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12
Q

Protein def

A

No fert

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13
Q

Iosine def

A

Caused by thyreostatic compounds in cruciferous plants

Nitrates nitrites in the drinking water

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14
Q

Vit K

A

Pregnant/ lactating rabbit

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15
Q

Folic acid

A

Hu!!

Spina bifida

Premature

Abortion

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16
Q

Biotin

A

Mice

Teratogenic

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17
Q

Vit A

A

Sows- OD or def

Congenital anomalies

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18
Q

Plants that cause nutrient def (5)

A

Meadow plants:

  1. Antinutritive compounds
  2. toxins
  3. Nitrates, nitrites

Locoweed: phytoestrogens

Poison hemlock, tobacco and juniper contain piperidines

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19
Q

Technological pollutants (3)

A
  1. Cresol
  2. Dicoumarol
  3. CO
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20
Q

Cresol

A

Spray used for mange and louse

21
Q

Dicoumarol

A

Is rat poison

Animals can even become infected when they consume the carcass of the dead rat

22
Q

CO

A

Faulty propane heaters

Stillbirth

Autolysed full term

The fetal membranes will be a cherry red colour

23
Q

Inustrial pollutants (6)

A

Carbon tetrachloride

Trichloroethylene

Benzene

Polychlorinated and bromidated biphenyls (PCB’s and PBB’s) are estrogen, dioxin and phenobarb like

Heavy metals- Hg and Pb

Pesticides and fungicides

24
Q

PCB’s and PBB’s what do the cause and where can they be found

A

they are estrogen, dioxin and phenobarb like

Chromosome leakage– abortion

In mive cause hydronephrosis of fetus

Found in: cooking oil, oil cakes and fishmeal- this one causes fatigue

25
Q

Mycotoxins (4)

A

Ergotism

Zearlenon F2

Fumonisins

Trichothecenes: T2, DON, DAS

*ZEFT**

26
Q

Ergotism

A

Clviceps purpurea (sclerotia) in hay and grain

Ergot alkaloids have severe oxytocic effect

In pregnant sows: lack of udder development, agalactia at partution and smaller piglets

27
Q

Zearalenon F2

A

MOA: has estrogen like effect- binds to 17beta estradiol receptors on DNA

  • Vulvovaginitis
  • Estrogen syndrome in newborns
  • Abortion (rare)
28
Q

Fumonisims (sows)

A

Acute pum edema and hydrothorax

Sows recover but usually abort 2-3 days later

29
Q

Trichothecenes- what are the 3 main toxins

A

T2

DON= vomitoxon

DAS= Stachybotyrotoxicosis

30
Q

What are the effects of Trichothecenes

A

Immunosupp

Inhibit P4 production by the CL

Seizures

31
Q

DAS= stachybotriotoxicosis

A

Abortion by toxins (macrocyclic trichothecene)- produced by fusarium sp

32
Q

Syngergism

A

Nitrate and nitrite- in the drinking water

PCB’s

Mycotoxins

Aflatoxin B1 and Cyclopramide: affects the liver-local necrotic spots or severe cancer

33
Q

Immune incompetence (5)

A
  1. Blocking of maternal AB’s
  2. The anti-inflamm properties of P4 are blocked
  3. HLA= histocompatibility locus antigen blocking- inbreeding effect
  4. Phyto and mycotoxins are pollutants that modulate and compromise the immune response
  5. EPF (early pregnancy factor)- in serum 45hrs after fert and has immunosupp effect
34
Q

When is there a decr in EPF

A

Before:

  1. Spont abortion
  2. Early partuition
  3. Stillbirth (sow)
35
Q

Allergic reactions, what is the anaphylactoid reaction mediated by and what are the causes

A

Mediated by prost metab and omega 3 intake

Barley, rye and rice flour

Alfalfa meal and soybean

Cereals- gluten

Proteins- gliadin

36
Q

Allergic reactions- what do the barley, rye and rice flour contain?

A

Alpha amylase inhibs and germ agglutinin

They inhale the flour dust- symptoms are similar to Bakers asthma

37
Q

What does the alfalfa meal and soybean contain

A

Lectins

38
Q

COX

A

Arachidonic acid metab

Relative P4 insufficiency

Allergic reaction

Can prevent abortion via NSAIDs (e.g salicylate) that block the COX mechanism

39
Q

Amoeba, parasites, algae

A

Legionella type model

Global warming

40
Q

Legionella type model

A

In sus house the air and watering systems acc fungi, algae, protozoa, bact

LLAP= legionella like amoebic pathogens- are natural inhabitants of water

These amoeba pathogens have greater resist to e.g disinfectants

41
Q

Global warming

A

During summer- heating of the water tanks- they then act as incubators

Corrosion products may promote bact growth

Water chlorination via Na hypochlorite is used to decompose toxins BUT may cause algae to release toxins and produce trihalomethane

42
Q

Cyanotoxins- 40 species!!! (4)

A

Microcysteins

Cyclindrospermopsin

Anatoxin A

Saxitoxins

43
Q

When/ where can cyanotoxins be found

A

Algal blooms- acc of the toxins

Plumbing systems

Fish meals

44
Q

Microcystins

A

cyclipeptides consisting of 7 aa’s

HEPATOtoxic (and abortive)

45
Q

Cyclindrospermopsin

A

Tricyclic alkaloid

Toxic to cells, liver and genes

46
Q

Anatoxin A

A

Bicyclic secondary amine

mimic Ach and so binds to Ach receptors

potent neurotoxin

47
Q

Saxitoxins

A

Carbamate alkaloids

Neurotoxins

48
Q

Some causes of infectious abortions (SUS)

A

PRRS

Parvo

Pseudorabies

Classical and African swine fever

FMD

Lepto

49
Q
A

Nutrition Final: B (27 decks)

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