The Human Nervous System Flashcards
Describe ipsilateral
same side
Describe medial
move towards midline
What are the types of nervous system
central, peripheral and enteric
What makes up the CNS
brain and spinal cord
What nerves make up the PNS
peripheral, cranial & spinal
How many peripheral nerves are there
43
How many spinal nerves are there
31
What does the PNS consist of
cells & cell bodies to/from the brain and spinal cord
TRUE or FALSE - peripheral nerves are ALWAYS sensory
FALSE - they are sensory and motor - mixed
What are the myelinating cells in the PNS
schwann cells
What are axons surrounded by in PNS
fascicles
What are fascicles bundled by in the PNS
perineurium
What encloses the fascicles
blood vessels by epineurium
How many cranial nerves are there
12
Describe the cranial nerves
sensory, mainly motor or mixed
What do the cranial nerves usually innervate
head and neck except the vagus
What is the first cranial nerve
olfactory
What is the second cranial nerve
optic
What is the third cranial nerve
occulomotor
What is the fourth cranial nerve
trochlear
What is the fifth cranial nerve
trigeminal
What is the sixth cranial nerve
abducens
What is the seventh cranial nerve
facial
What is the eighth cranial nerve
vestibular
what is the 9th cranial nerve
glossopharyngeal
What is the 10th cranial nerve
vagus
What is the 11th cranial nerve
accessory
What is the 12th cranial nerve
hypoglossal
What does the Vagus nerve supply
80% of PNS outflow
Describe Spinal nerves
ALWAYS mixed
Where do dorsal root spinal nerves travel to
back of body - dorsal region
Where do ventral root spinal nerves come out of
front
What types of spinal nerves are the ones with lumps in
dorsal roots
What fibres do spinal nerve ventral roots contain
efferent fibres
What fibres do spinal nerve dorsal roots contain
afferent
where do efferent fibres of spinal nerves carry information
out of the CNS
Where do afferent fibres of spinal nerves carry information
into the CNS
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
Where does the sympathetic nervous system originate
thoracic and first three lumbar segments
What are ganglia
collection of cell bodies forming a lump
What do ganglia form in the sympathetic nervous system
sympathetic chain along thoracic spinal cord
How do fibres reach ganglions
via white rami
What can the T1 ganglion fuse with?
inferior cervical ganglia
TRUE or FALSE - Grey rami communicans is un-myelinated
TRUE
What are grey rami?
post ganglionic fibres
Where do the ganglia lie in the sympathetic nervous system
close to the spinal cord
What is the length of sympathetic pre-ganglionic fibres
short
Where are parasympathetic ganglia located?
close to target organ
What is the length of parasympathetic pre ganglionic fibres
long
What is the post ganglionic neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system
noradrenaline
What are sweat glands activated by
acetylcholine
What is the pre-ganglionic neurotransmitter in the sympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
