Hearing & Cochlear Flashcards

1
Q

What is the compression of a sound wave

A

height of the wave

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2
Q

What is the function of the pinna

A

localise sound in the vertical plane

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3
Q

Where is the tympanic membrane

A

end of the outer ear

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4
Q

What are the three bones/ossicles in the middle ear

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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5
Q

What are the parts of the inner ear

A

Vestibule area, cochlear, semicircular canal

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6
Q

Which connection in the middle ear is rigid

A

malleus to incus

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7
Q

Which connection in the middle ear is flexible

A

incus to stapes

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8
Q

What is the function of the middle ear ossicles

A

amplify sound

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9
Q

Where is endolymph present

A

inner ear - cochlear and vestibular system

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10
Q

Describe the properties of endolymph

A

high potassium concentration, high positive potential

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11
Q

Where is the tectorial membrane attached

A

inner part of cochlear

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12
Q

What are inner hair cells connected to

A

primary afferents

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13
Q

What are outer hair cells capable of

A

sensory transduction

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14
Q

What are the three fluid filled compartments of the middle ear

A

Scala vestibular, scala tympani, scala media

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15
Q

Which part of the basilar membrane reacts more to high frequency sounds

A

base

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16
Q

What sit on the basilar membrane

A

hair cells

17
Q

What is the effect of the stapes moving outwards

A

ions move in, hair cell depolarises

18
Q

What are stereo cillia

A

modified microvilli

19
Q

Where are stereo cilia present

A

hair cells

20
Q

What connects stereo cilium rows

A

tip links

21
Q

What happens if the hair cells pull the tip link

A

mechano-electrical transducer channel opens

22
Q

What liquid has a lower potassium content - endolymph or perilymph

A

perilymph

23
Q

What can glutamate bind to

A

NMDA, AMPA, kainate

24
Q

What happens when calcium moves into hair cells

A

fusion, release of neurotransmitter

25
Q

What is the neurotransmitter in hair cells

A

glutamate

26
Q

What is the function of outer hair cells

A

amplify movement of basilar membrane, increase stimulation of IHCs

27
Q

Why does the middle ear have to amplify sound

A

overcome increased impedance of fluid within cochlear

28
Q

What does the organ of corti contain

A

hair cells

29
Q

What does the mechanical energy of sound cause

A

displacement of basilar membrane

30
Q

How is the cochlear organised

A

tonotopically