Hearing & Cochlear Flashcards

1
Q

What is the compression of a sound wave

A

height of the wave

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2
Q

What is the function of the pinna

A

localise sound in the vertical plane

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3
Q

Where is the tympanic membrane

A

end of the outer ear

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4
Q

What are the three bones/ossicles in the middle ear

A

malleus, incus, stapes

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5
Q

What are the parts of the inner ear

A

Vestibule area, cochlear, semicircular canal

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6
Q

Which connection in the middle ear is rigid

A

malleus to incus

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7
Q

Which connection in the middle ear is flexible

A

incus to stapes

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8
Q

What is the function of the middle ear ossicles

A

amplify sound

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9
Q

Where is endolymph present

A

inner ear - cochlear and vestibular system

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10
Q

Describe the properties of endolymph

A

high potassium concentration, high positive potential

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11
Q

Where is the tectorial membrane attached

A

inner part of cochlear

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12
Q

What are inner hair cells connected to

A

primary afferents

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13
Q

What are outer hair cells capable of

A

sensory transduction

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14
Q

What are the three fluid filled compartments of the middle ear

A

Scala vestibular, scala tympani, scala media

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15
Q

Which part of the basilar membrane reacts more to high frequency sounds

A

base

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16
Q

What sit on the basilar membrane

A

hair cells

17
Q

What is the effect of the stapes moving outwards

A

ions move in, hair cell depolarises

18
Q

What are stereo cillia

A

modified microvilli

19
Q

Where are stereo cilia present

A

hair cells

20
Q

What connects stereo cilium rows

21
Q

What happens if the hair cells pull the tip link

A

mechano-electrical transducer channel opens

22
Q

What liquid has a lower potassium content - endolymph or perilymph

23
Q

What can glutamate bind to

A

NMDA, AMPA, kainate

24
Q

What happens when calcium moves into hair cells

A

fusion, release of neurotransmitter

25
What is the neurotransmitter in hair cells
glutamate
26
What is the function of outer hair cells
amplify movement of basilar membrane, increase stimulation of IHCs
27
Why does the middle ear have to amplify sound
overcome increased impedance of fluid within cochlear
28
What does the organ of corti contain
hair cells
29
What does the mechanical energy of sound cause
displacement of basilar membrane
30
How is the cochlear organised
tonotopically