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BMS109 Neuroscience > Myelin & Myelination > Flashcards

Myelin & Myelination Flashcards

1
Q

What is the effect of loss of myelin

A

neurological disorders

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2
Q

What synthesises myelin

A

non-neuronal cells

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3
Q

What is the function of myelin

A

increase conduction velocity

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4
Q

What is myelin

A

electrical insulator

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5
Q

What is myelin made of

A

water, dry lipid, protein

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6
Q

Describe the appearance of myelin

A

banding pattern - dark and faint bands

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7
Q

What are the nodes of ranvier

A

gaps between myelin sheath

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8
Q

Describe the intra period line

A

faint

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9
Q

What makes up the intra period line

A

linked external proteins

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10
Q

Describe the major period line

A

dense

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11
Q

What makes up the major period line

A

linked internal proteins

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12
Q

What synthesises myelin in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

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13
Q

What synthesises myelin in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

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14
Q

Describe the myelination by oligodendrocytes

A

myelinate several parts of an axon or several axons

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15
Q

Describe the myelination by schwann cells

A

myelinate only one axon

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16
Q

What happens in knockout mice for cerebrosides

A

myelin develops vacuoles - doesn’t function properly

17
Q

What symptoms are shown by cerebroside knockout mice

A

paralysis

18
Q

what are cerebrosides

A

complex lipids

19
Q

Where are cerebrosides located

A

sheaths of nerve fibres

20
Q

What is the difference between CNS and PNS myelin

A

PNS - less cerebroside and sulfatide, CNS - more sphingomyelin

21
Q

What are the CNS myelin proteins

A

myelin basic protein, proteo-lipid protein

22
Q

What is gimpy

A

natural mutation affecting proteolipid proteins

23
Q

What are the symptoms of gimpy

A

early death, loss of oligodendrocytes,

24
Q

What is produced in gimpy mice

A

toxic mutant PLP

25
Q

Where is myelin basic protein most abundant

A

white matter

26
Q

What can myelin basic protein induce

A

experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

27
Q

What are the PNS myelin proteins

A

P0, PMP22, MBP

28
Q

Which is the most abundant PNS myelin

A

P0

29
Q

What is P0

A

adhesion molecule - important for compaction

30
Q

Defect in which PNS myelin protein causes charcot marie tooth syndrome

A

CMT 1b in P0

31
Q

What is MS

A

primary demyelination autoimmune disease

32
Q

What are the symptoms of MS

A

variable severity, relapsing/remitting, progressive

33
Q

What degrades the myelin in MS

A

macrophages and protease activity

34
Q

What is the therapy for MS

A

steroids, interferons, immune suppressants, stem cells

35
Q

When does Guillan Barre syndrome develop

A

post viral/bacterial infection

36
Q

Describe Guillan Barre syndrome

A

Acute inflammatory response triggers demyelination

37
Q

How is Guillan Barre syndrome treated

A

intravenous immunoglobulin

BMS109 Neuroscience (22 decks)

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