The Chemical Synapse Flashcards

1
Q

What is the synapse

A

specialised gap region between apposing cell membranes

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2
Q

What is synaptic transmission

A

process underlying cell-cell transfer of electrical signals

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3
Q

What did Loewi discover

A

evidence neurons send information chemically

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4
Q

What are the common features of a chemical synapse

A

mitochondria, cleft, extracellular proteins, pre, post synaptic cells

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5
Q

Why do synapses have mitochondria

A

energy intensive process

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6
Q

What are the two types of chemical synapse

A

neuron to non-neuronal, neuron to neuron

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7
Q

Where are neuron to neuron synapses found

A

CNS

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8
Q

What is the most common neuron-non-neuronal synapse

A

neuromuscular junction

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9
Q

Where do neuron to non-neuronal synapses go

A

glands, smooth muscle, heart

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10
Q

What neurotransmitter does the neuromuscular junction use

A

ACh

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11
Q

What do motor neuron action potentials ALWAYS cause

A

muscle cell APs and contraction

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12
Q

Where are synaptic vesicles found at the neuromuscular junction

A

active zone

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13
Q

What are located at junctional folds on the neuromuscular junction

A

receptors

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14
Q

Which neuron contains junctional folds

A

post synaptic

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15
Q

What align on the neuromuscular junction

A

junctional folds with active zones

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16
Q

Name some synaptic arrangements in the CNS

A

axondendritic, axosomatic, axoaxonic dendrodritic

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17
Q

What is the function of axoaxonic synapses

A

regulate or gate transmission from one neuron to another

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18
Q

What do larger synapses usually have more of

A

active zones

19
Q

What structure are excitatory synapses

A

asymmetric

20
Q

Structure of inhibitory synapases

21
Q

What are the amino acid neurotransmitters

A

glutamate, GABA, glycine

22
Q

What are the amine neurotransmitters

A

ACh, noradrenaline

23
Q

What are the peptide neurotransmitters

A

substance P

24
Q

What do amine neurotransmitters regulate

A

nervous system

25
Which neurotransmitters are in synaptic vesicles
amino acids, amines
26
Which neurotransmitters are dense core secretory vesicles
peptide neurotransmitters
27
Where are synaptic vesicles sythesised
soma
28
What do synaptic vesicles require to load neurotransmitter
ATP
29
What are synaptic vesicles transported along
axon
30
Where are dense core secretory vesicles synthesised
ER
31
What are DSC vesicles transported along
microtubules
32
What triggers vesicle fusion
Ca2+
33
How are vesicles released
exocytosis
34
What are SNAREs crucial for
exocytosis
35
What are SNAREs
proteins
36
What is BOTOX
bacterial toxin
37
What does BOTOX block
synatpic neurotransmission
38
What does BOTOX destroy
SNARE proteins
39
What is the function of synaptotagmin
binds to calcium, causes vesicle fusion
40
How are neurotransmitters removed from the synaptic cleft
diffusion, re-uptake, enzymatic destruction
41
What is quantal release
mini response at post synaptic cell from synaptic vesicle
42
What is quantal size
effect of one vesicle being released
43
Using which receptor is synaptic transmission slower
GPCRs
44
Which receptor can induce signal amplification
GPCRs - metabotropic