Sensory Receptors Flashcards
What do sense require?
stimulus, conversion, response
What are located in/on sensory receptors
ion channels or GPCRs
What are sensory receptors specific for
modalities
How are sensory modalities achieved
structure and position of the sensory receptor
Name some of the senses
vision, pain, touch, taste, smell, balance, thermal
Which sensory modalities use mechanoreceptors?
hearing, balance, touch and proprioception
Which sensory modalities use photoreceptors?
vision
Which sensory modalities use thermoreceptors
temperature
Which sensory modalities use chemoreceptors
smell and taste
Which sensory modalities use nociceptors?
pain
What are receptors classified by?
origin and distribution
Where are proprioceptors located
muscle
What can affect membrane permeabilty
ion channels
What does calcium activate in synapses?
release of neurotransmitters into the afferent neuron
What is the difference between graded and action potentials?
graded potentials increase in size, APs are always the same size
Where are action potentials generated
axon initial segment
What do sensory receptors convey
modality, location, intensity, timing
What type of receptors develop in olfactory cilia
graded
When do graded potentials in olfactory cilia become APs
when they move past the nucleus
What determines modality
type of energy transmitted by the stimulus
What is the labelled line code
receptor is selective for one type of stimulus
What disease is caused by a faulty labelled line code
synesthesia
What enables frequency determination in the auditory system
spatial arrangement of receptors
What is the effect of large stimuli on neurons
activate more neurons
What is the sensory threshold
lowest stimulus that can be detected
What is the intensity
total amount of stimulus energy
What is the function of sensory transduction
converts the stimulus energy into receptor potentials
What fibres do weak stimuli activate
low threshold fibres
What fibres do strong stimuli activate
high threshold fibres
What is intensity determined by
response amplitude of the receptor
What receptors are tonic
slow adapting receptors
What receptors are phasic
rapidly adapting receptors
Which receptors respond to prolonged stimulation
slow adapting
Which neurons use lateral inhibition
convergent neurons
When do convergent neurons use lateral inhibition
inhibition of first and second order neurons
What is the effect of inhibiting first and second order neurons
size of convergent neuron is enhanced
What is the function of inhibitory neurons
ensure signal in the most active neuron is propagated
What determines sensory duration
adaptation rates of receptors
