Sensory Receptors

Question 1

What do sense require?

Answer 1

stimulus, conversion, response

Question 2

What are located in/on sensory receptors

Answer 2

ion channels or GPCRs

Question 3

What are sensory receptors specific for

Answer 3

modalities

Question 4

How are sensory modalities achieved

Answer 4

structure and position of the sensory receptor

Question 5

Name some of the senses

Answer 5

vision, pain, touch, taste, smell, balance, thermal

Question 6

Which sensory modalities use mechanoreceptors?

Answer 6

hearing, balance, touch and proprioception

Question 7

Which sensory modalities use photoreceptors?

Answer 7

vision

Question 8

Which sensory modalities use thermoreceptors

Answer 8

temperature

Question 9

Which sensory modalities use chemoreceptors

Answer 9

smell and taste

Question 10

Which sensory modalities use nociceptors?

Answer 10

pain

Question 11

What are receptors classified by?

Answer 11

origin and distribution

Question 12

Where are proprioceptors located

Answer 12

muscle

Question 13

What can affect membrane permeabilty

Answer 13

ion channels

Question 14

What does calcium activate in synapses?

Answer 14

release of neurotransmitters into the afferent neuron

Question 15

What is the difference between graded and action potentials?

Answer 15

graded potentials increase in size, APs are always the same size

Question 16

Where are action potentials generated

Answer 16

axon initial segment

Question 17

What do sensory receptors convey

Answer 17

modality, location, intensity, timing

Question 18

What type of receptors develop in olfactory cilia

Answer 18

graded

Question 19

When do graded potentials in olfactory cilia become APs

Answer 19

when they move past the nucleus

Question 20

What determines modality

Answer 20

type of energy transmitted by the stimulus

Question 21

What is the labelled line code

Answer 21

receptor is selective for one type of stimulus

Question 22

What disease is caused by a faulty labelled line code

Answer 22

synesthesia

Question 23

What enables frequency determination in the auditory system

Answer 23

spatial arrangement of receptors

Question 24

What is the effect of large stimuli on neurons

Answer 24

activate more neurons

Question 25

What is the sensory threshold

Answer 25

lowest stimulus that can be detected

Question 26

What is the intensity

Answer 26

total amount of stimulus energy

Question 27

What is the function of sensory transduction

Answer 27

converts the stimulus energy into receptor potentials

Question 28

What fibres do weak stimuli activate

Answer 28

low threshold fibres

Question 29

What fibres do strong stimuli activate

Answer 29

high threshold fibres

Question 30

What is intensity determined by

Answer 30

response amplitude of the receptor

Question 31

What receptors are tonic

Answer 31

slow adapting receptors

Question 32

What receptors are phasic

Answer 32

rapidly adapting receptors

Question 33

Which receptors respond to prolonged stimulation

Answer 33

slow adapting

Question 34

Which neurons use lateral inhibition

Answer 34

convergent neurons

Question 35

When do convergent neurons use lateral inhibition

Answer 35

inhibition of first and second order neurons

Question 36

What is the effect of inhibiting first and second order neurons

Answer 36

size of convergent neuron is enhanced

Question 37

What is the function of inhibitory neurons

Answer 37

ensure signal in the most active neuron is propagated

Question 38

What determines sensory duration

Answer 38

adaptation rates of receptors