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BMS109 Neuroscience > Sleep & EEG > Flashcards

Sleep & EEG Flashcards

1
Q

What cues contribute towards circadian rhythm

A

environmental, external

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2
Q

What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

A

major internal clock

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3
Q

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus located?

A

anterior hypothalamus

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4
Q

What is the function of the retinohypothalamic tract

A

entrain internal clock, receive APs

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5
Q

How is the circadian rhythm affected by lesions in the suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

dampens down

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6
Q

What does the suprachiasmatic tract connect?

A

eye to suprachiasmatic nucleus

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7
Q

What does the suprachiasmatic nucleus regulate

A

timing of sleep

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8
Q

What are the two stages of Sleep

A

REM and non-REM

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9
Q

What defines sleep

A

reduced motor activity, reduced response to stimuli

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10
Q

What is REM

A

rapid eye movement

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11
Q

Which electrical recording measures muscle movements

A

electromyography

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12
Q

Which electrical recording measures eye movements

A

electro-oculography

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13
Q

Which electrical recording measures brain activity

A

electroencephalography

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14
Q

What does an electroencephalogram measure

A

synchronous electrical activity of large population of neurons

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15
Q

What causes electrical activity in the electroencephalogram

A

movement of ions during action potentials - electric field

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16
Q

What are the advantages of an electroencephalogram

A

non-invasive, easy to administer, data gathered easily

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17
Q

TRUE or FALSE - electroencephalograms have high temporal resolutions

A

True

18
Q

TRUE or FALSE - electroencephalograms have high spatial resolution

A

False

19
Q

Where do EEGs record events ?

A

cortex

20
Q

What is non-REM sleep characterised by

A

low neuronal activity, low HR and BP, low metabolic rate

21
Q

What are the characteristics of stage 1 sleep?

A

slow eye movement, slow muscle activity, muscle jerkiness

22
Q

Describe the EEG of stage 1 non-REM sleep

A

low voltage activity, sinusoidal type activity, varying frequencies

23
Q

What are the characteristics of Stage 2 non-REM sleep

A

no eye movements, slow brain waves, HR slows, body temp drops

24
Q

What is the EEG of Stage 2 sleep characterised by

A

bursts of sinusoidal activity, biphasic K complex waves, low background voltage

25
Q

What are the characteristics of Stage 3 non-REM sleep

A

sleep talking, bed wetting, night terrors, transition

26
Q

What is the EEG of stage 3 non-REM sleep

A

high amplitude slow delta waves interspersed with faster waves, occasional bursting

27
Q

What are the characteristics of Stage 4 non-REM sleep

A

very deep, disorientation, eye lolling,

28
Q

Describe the EEG of stage 4 non-REM sleep

A

delta waves exclusively, slow waves, large amplitude slow changes

29
Q

What cause the large amplitude very slow EEG changes in stage 4 non-REM sleep?

A

depolarisations on the surface of the brain

30
Q

What are the characteristics of REM sleep

A

darting eye movement, intense dreaming, paradoxical sleep

31
Q

Describe the body during REM sleep

A

increased brain temp and metabolic rate, paralysis, increased parasympathetic system

32
Q

Describe the pupils during REM sleep

A

constricted

33
Q

Describe the EEG of REM sleep

A

mimics wakefulness, similar to stage 1, low voltage mixed frequencies

34
Q

Neurons in which areas fire most intensively during REM sleep

A

pons, lateral geniculate nucleus, occipital cortex

35
Q

What does intense firing generate in the REM sleep EEG

A

high voltage spike potentials - PGO spikes

36
Q

Where do PGO spikes originate

A

pontine reticular formation

37
Q

What do the PGO spikes travel through?

A

lateral geniculate nucleus to the occipital lobe

38
Q

What is the function of the lateral geniculate nucleus

A

vision

39
Q

Where is the primary visual cortex located

A

occipital lobe

40
Q

What do the PGO spikes correlate with

A

bursts of rapid eye movements

41
Q

How responsive is the body to changes in blood CO2 during REM sleep

A

unresponsive

42
Q

TRUE or FALSE - the normal sleeping pattern is non-cyclic

A

FALSE

BMS109 Neuroscience (22 decks)

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