Sleep & EEG

Question 1

What cues contribute towards circadian rhythm

Answer 1

environmental, external

Question 2

What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?

Answer 2

major internal clock

Question 3

Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus located?

Answer 3

anterior hypothalamus

Question 4

What is the function of the retinohypothalamic tract

Answer 4

entrain internal clock, receive APs

Question 5

How is the circadian rhythm affected by lesions in the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 5

dampens down

Question 6

What does the suprachiasmatic tract connect?

Answer 6

eye to suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 7

What does the suprachiasmatic nucleus regulate

Answer 7

timing of sleep

Question 8

What are the two stages of Sleep

Answer 8

REM and non-REM

Question 9

What defines sleep

Answer 9

reduced motor activity, reduced response to stimuli

Question 10

What is REM

Answer 10

rapid eye movement

Question 11

Which electrical recording measures muscle movements

Answer 11

electromyography

Question 12

Which electrical recording measures eye movements

Answer 12

electro-oculography

Question 13

Which electrical recording measures brain activity

Answer 13

electroencephalography

Question 14

What does an electroencephalogram measure

Answer 14

synchronous electrical activity of large population of neurons

Question 15

What causes electrical activity in the electroencephalogram

Answer 15

movement of ions during action potentials - electric field

Question 16

What are the advantages of an electroencephalogram

Answer 16

non-invasive, easy to administer, data gathered easily

Question 17

TRUE or FALSE - electroencephalograms have high temporal resolutions

Answer 17

True

Question 18

TRUE or FALSE - electroencephalograms have high spatial resolution

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Where do EEGs record events ?

Answer 19

cortex

Question 20

What is non-REM sleep characterised by

Answer 20

low neuronal activity, low HR and BP, low metabolic rate

Question 21

What are the characteristics of stage 1 sleep?

Answer 21

slow eye movement, slow muscle activity, muscle jerkiness

Question 22

Describe the EEG of stage 1 non-REM sleep

Answer 22

low voltage activity, sinusoidal type activity, varying frequencies

Question 23

What are the characteristics of Stage 2 non-REM sleep

Answer 23

no eye movements, slow brain waves, HR slows, body temp drops

Question 24

What is the EEG of Stage 2 sleep characterised by

Answer 24

bursts of sinusoidal activity, biphasic K complex waves, low background voltage

Question 25

What are the characteristics of Stage 3 non-REM sleep

Answer 25

sleep talking, bed wetting, night terrors, transition

Question 26

What is the EEG of stage 3 non-REM sleep

Answer 26

high amplitude slow delta waves interspersed with faster waves, occasional bursting

Question 27

What are the characteristics of Stage 4 non-REM sleep

Answer 27

very deep, disorientation, eye lolling,

Question 28

Describe the EEG of stage 4 non-REM sleep

Answer 28

delta waves exclusively, slow waves, large amplitude slow changes

Question 29

What cause the large amplitude very slow EEG changes in stage 4 non-REM sleep?

Answer 29

depolarisations on the surface of the brain

Question 30

What are the characteristics of REM sleep

Answer 30

darting eye movement, intense dreaming, paradoxical sleep

Question 31

Describe the body during REM sleep

Answer 31

increased brain temp and metabolic rate, paralysis, increased parasympathetic system

Question 32

Describe the pupils during REM sleep

Answer 32

constricted

Question 33

Describe the EEG of REM sleep

Answer 33

mimics wakefulness, similar to stage 1, low voltage mixed frequencies

Question 34

Neurons in which areas fire most intensively during REM sleep

Answer 34

pons, lateral geniculate nucleus, occipital cortex

Question 35

What does intense firing generate in the REM sleep EEG

Answer 35

high voltage spike potentials - PGO spikes

Question 36

Where do PGO spikes originate

Answer 36

pontine reticular formation

Question 37

What do the PGO spikes travel through?

Answer 37

lateral geniculate nucleus to the occipital lobe

Question 38

What is the function of the lateral geniculate nucleus

Answer 38

vision

Question 39

Where is the primary visual cortex located

Answer 39

occipital lobe

Question 40

What do the PGO spikes correlate with

Answer 40

bursts of rapid eye movements

Question 41

How responsive is the body to changes in blood CO2 during REM sleep

Answer 41

unresponsive

Question 42

TRUE or FALSE - the normal sleeping pattern is non-cyclic

Answer 42

FALSE