Memory Flashcards
What is learning
acquisation of information
What is memory
storage of learned information
What is recall
reaquisation of stored information
What is the engram
physical embodiment of a memory
What are the two types of memory
procedural, declarative
Describe procedural memories
related to skills
Describe declarative memories
related to knowledge
How are declarative memories encoded
in symbols and languages
What part of the mind is associated with declarative memories
conscious
TRUE or FALSE - Procedural memories are unconscious
True
What class of memory does working memory fall under
short term
What structures of the brain are involved with memory
pre-frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum
Which brain region is working memory associated with?
pre-frontal cortex
What is the function of the hippocampus in memory
forms long term memories
Which memory is the hippocampus responsible for?
declarative
What is the function of the amygdala in memory ?
fear response, emotion, learnt fear
Which memory is the amygdala responsible for?
implicit - procedural
Which memory is the cerebellum responsible for?
procedural
What is the function of the cerebellum in memory?
sensorimotor integration
What do lesions in the hippocampus cause
memory loss
What happens if the hippocampus and parts of the amygdala are removed?
no ability to form long term memory
What are two theories for memory
reverberating circuit, hebbian synapse concept
Describe the Hebbian synapse conecept
information is stored in changes in synapses
What happens to the synapses during memory formation
post synaptic response increases or decreases
What is long term depression
increase in EPSPs
Where does long term potentiation occur
hippocampus
What cells preform long term potentiation
CA1, CA3
What are the two types of long term potentiation?
post-tetanic LTP, paired LTP
What is long term potentiation
process which strengthens connections between synapses
Describe the post-tetanic LTP
high frequency stimulus strengthens a specific synapse
How is LTP formed in paired LTPs?
depolarising both neurones at once
What is paired LTPs associated with
associative learning
Where does long term depression occur
cerebellum
What is long term depression
reduction in efficacy of neuronal synapses
What does long term depression contribute towards
memory formation
What reflex is exhibited by the Aplysia californica
Gill withdrawal reflex
What does the aplysia californica show if the gill is repeatedly touched
habituation
What conditioning is exhibited by the aplysia californica?
classical and operant
What do LTP involve
trafficking of AMPA receptors to post-synaptic membrane
How does calcium enter the cell via NMDA receptors
membrane - depolarised - remove magnesium block
Which receptors are involved with long term potentiaton
NMDA, AMPA
Which molecule has a critical role in LTP
Ca2+
