Taste and Smell Flashcards
What are the functions of taste and smell
identify food sources, find a mate, avoid noxious substances
Where is taste and smell information merged
CNS
How is taste and smell information processed
parallel from each system
What are the five basic tastes
salty, sour, sweet, bitter, unami
Which tastes have metabotropic receptors
sweet, bitter, unami
Which tastes have ionotropic receptors
salty, sour
What are metabotropic receptors
GPCRs
Which taste do we have an innate fondness for?
sweet
Which taste is instinctively rejected
bitter
What are circumvallate
large papillae
What are located on the side of the tongue
foliate and fungiform
What are located on the fungiform
taste buds
What are the taste organs?
tongue, cheek, soft palate, pharynx
Where are taste cells mainly located
back and front of the tongue
What is the taste pore the site of
sensory transduction
What does sensory transduction in the taste pore create
graded potentials
What neurotransmitter do taste buds use
glutamate
Describe the structure of taste buds
microvilli
What tastes usually require two subunits to be activated
Sweet, Umami
How many tastes can ONE taste cell respond to
1
TRUE or FALSE - taste buds contain may taste cells
True
Describe the function of gustatory afferents
innervates many different taste cells
Where is the olfactory located
deep in brain
What is the cribriform
protective layer
Where does convergence of the olfactory system occur
olfactory bulb
Which neurons exit the olfactory bulb
second order
How are odourants detected
dissolve in mucous layer
What is the function of olfactory receptors supporting cells
maintain structure
Where is transduction machinery found in olfactory receptor cells
cilia - end of dendrite
How many odourants can one odourant receptor recognise
multiple
What type of receptors are odourant receptor proteins
GPCRs
TRUE or FALSE - every odourant uses a different downstream pathway
FALSE
What enzyme is used in the odourant transduction pathway
adenylyl cyclase
Describe chloride movement in cilia - odourant
chloride moves out - further depolarisation
How come chloride moves out of cilium
cilium have higher conc of chloride than normal cells
What do receptor potentials trigger
action potentials
What do lingual papillae contain
taste buds
What does transduction within taste cells rely on
ion channels or GPCRs
How do olfactory receptor proteins mediate their response
using Golf and cAMP
