Taste and Smell

Question 1

What are the functions of taste and smell

Answer 1

identify food sources, find a mate, avoid noxious substances

Question 2

Where is taste and smell information merged

Answer 2

CNS

Question 3

How is taste and smell information processed

Answer 3

parallel from each system

Question 4

What are the five basic tastes

Answer 4

salty, sour, sweet, bitter, unami

Question 5

Which tastes have metabotropic receptors

Answer 5

sweet, bitter, unami

Question 6

Which tastes have ionotropic receptors

Answer 6

salty, sour

Question 7

What are metabotropic receptors

Answer 7

GPCRs

Question 8

Which taste do we have an innate fondness for?

Answer 8

sweet

Question 9

Which taste is instinctively rejected

Answer 9

bitter

Question 10

What are circumvallate

Answer 10

large papillae

Question 11

What are located on the side of the tongue

Answer 11

foliate and fungiform

Question 12

What are located on the fungiform

Answer 12

taste buds

Question 13

What are the taste organs?

Answer 13

tongue, cheek, soft palate, pharynx

Question 14

Where are taste cells mainly located

Answer 14

back and front of the tongue

Question 15

What is the taste pore the site of

Answer 15

sensory transduction

Question 16

What does sensory transduction in the taste pore create

Answer 16

graded potentials

Question 17

What neurotransmitter do taste buds use

Answer 17

glutamate

Question 18

Describe the structure of taste buds

Answer 18

microvilli

Question 19

What tastes usually require two subunits to be activated

Answer 19

Sweet, Umami

Question 20

How many tastes can ONE taste cell respond to

Answer 20

1

Question 21

TRUE or FALSE - taste buds contain may taste cells

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Describe the function of gustatory afferents

Answer 22

innervates many different taste cells

Question 23

Where is the olfactory located

Answer 23

deep in brain

Question 24

What is the cribriform

Answer 24

protective layer

Question 25

Where does convergence of the olfactory system occur

Answer 25

olfactory bulb

Question 26

Which neurons exit the olfactory bulb

Answer 26

second order

Question 27

How are odourants detected

Answer 27

dissolve in mucous layer

Question 28

What is the function of olfactory receptors supporting cells

Answer 28

maintain structure

Question 29

Where is transduction machinery found in olfactory receptor cells

Answer 29

cilia - end of dendrite

Question 30

How many odourants can one odourant receptor recognise

Answer 30

multiple

Question 31

What type of receptors are odourant receptor proteins

Answer 31

GPCRs

Question 32

TRUE or FALSE - every odourant uses a different downstream pathway

Answer 32

FALSE

Question 33

What enzyme is used in the odourant transduction pathway

Answer 33

adenylyl cyclase

Question 34

Describe chloride movement in cilia - odourant

Answer 34

chloride moves out - further depolarisation

Question 35

How come chloride moves out of cilium

Answer 35

cilium have higher conc of chloride than normal cells

Question 36

What do receptor potentials trigger

Answer 36

action potentials

Question 37

What do lingual papillae contain

Answer 37

taste buds

Question 38

What does transduction within taste cells rely on

Answer 38

ion channels or GPCRs

Question 39

How do olfactory receptor proteins mediate their response

Answer 39

using Golf and cAMP