THE HISTOPATHOLOGY LABORATORY

Question 1

Different processes that we perform in the laboratory:

Answer 1

Receiving
Gross Examination o Fixation
Decalcification
Dehydration
Clearing
Infiltration/Impregnation
Embedding/Casting/Molding
Blocking
Trimming
Sectioning/Microtomy
Staining
Mounting
Labeling

Question 2

INSTRUMENTATION

Answer 2

Diamond pen, Pencils, Pen
Gross Table
Automated Tissue Processor/ Elliot Bench Type
Processor
Paraffin Dispenser
Embedding Center
Embedding Molds
Refrigerator
Microtome
Flotation Bath
Slide Drvers
Stainers (Coplin Jars/Automated stainers)
Microscope

Question 3

GROSS EXAMINATION
• Create a gross description:

Answer 3

• Type of specimen
• Color
• Size
• Weight
• Consistencv
• Texture

Question 4

Two different types of tissue processor:

Answer 4

Tissue-transfer
Liquid transfer

Question 5

Principle: Dip and Dunk
• The tissue will move from one container to another.
Most laboratories use this one

Answer 5

Tissue-transfer

Question 6

Principle: Enclosed
Fixed
The fluid is transferred not the tissue.

Answer 6

Fluid-transfer

Question 7

EMBEDDING CENTER
• Has 4 parts:

Answer 7

Cold plate
Hot plate
Paraffin Wax dispenser
Orientation stage

Question 8

Paraffin Dispenser
Where we place our paraffin
• _______ than the melting point of paraffin

Answer 8

2-4°C higher

Question 9

FREEZER
• Thermal Requirement:

Answer 9

-20°C

Question 10

EFRIGERATORS
• Thermal Requirement:

Answer 10

4°C

Question 11

MICROTOME
• Main Parts

Answer 11

o Block Holder
o Knife Holder
o Pawl and Feedwheel Mechanism

Question 12

• Most commonly used
• Designed for tissue sections that are embedded using paraffin wax

Answer 12

Rotary microtome

Question 13

Rotary Microtome

Inventor:
Tissue cut:

Answer 13

Minot

3 to 5 um

Question 14

Microtome

For STAT diagnosis
A rotary microtome is kept inside a cold chamber maintained at…

Answer 14

CRYOSTAT

-5°C to - 30°C

Question 15

Oldest and simplest microtome

Answer 15

ROCKING MICROTOME

Question 16

Rocking micotome

Invented by

Answer 16

Trefall

Question 17

For cutting large tissue sections with hard blocks

Answer 17

SLIDING MICROTOME

Question 18

Sliding microtome

Embedding medium:
• Harder compared with our paraffin wax

Answer 18

Cellulose nitrate

Question 19

ULTRATHIN

Tissue cut:
Embedding medium:

Answer 19

60 to 100 nanometer

Epoxy resin

Question 20

FLOATATION BATH
________ than the melting point of paraffin

Answer 20

5-10°C LOWER

Question 21

SLIDE DRYER
_____ than the melting point of paraffin

Answer 21

• 5-10°C HIGHER

Question 22

Slide dryer

Overheating causes uneven staining, artifacts formation, and tissue destruction

We should only place our slides in the slide dryer within _____ only.

Answer 22

3-5 minutes

Question 23

KINDS OF MICROSCOPES

Answer 23

Bright field microscope
Darkfield microscope
Phase contrast
polarizing microscope
Fluorescence microscope
Electron microscope

Question 24

Microscope commonly used during histo lab

Bg is very light

Answer 24

Brightfield microscope

Question 25

Microscope has dar bg

Answer 25

Darkfield microscope

Question 26

Microscope in which utilized samples are unstained and colorless

Answer 26

Phase contrast

Question 27

Appearance of tissues under this microscope is green

Answer 27

Polarizing microscope

Question 28

Microscope which allows only observing a specific part of the tissue

Need to add stain

Answer 28

Fluorescence microscope

Question 29

Microscope used for small/ tiny tissues

Answer 29

Electron microscope

Question 30

Storage or surgical secien

Answer 30

Return to original container

Group chronologically

Be free from human and animal interference

Question 31

Disposal of surgical specimens

Answer 31

Placed in biohazard bags for burial or incineration

Question 32

Return of surgical specimen to px

Answer 32

Guidelines must be acc to the hospital

Ensures proper documentation

Limbs and fetuses

Bullets, breast implants, and foreign bodies

Question 33

Paraffin blocks and slides

Storage

Answer 33

Cool, dry place

Free from vermin and insects

Arranged acc to year and accession

Question 34

Disposal

Paraffin blocks
slides

Answer 34

Pathologic waste bags
Sharp containers

Question 35

Paraffin blocks and slides

Requests

Answer 35

To be viewed by another institution

Logbook must be available

Slides transported with damage and breakage prevention

Deposit and charging for new slides

Preserve original state of material

Question 36

Recommended minimum retention time of records, report, specimens

Answer 36

National Pathology Accreditation Advisory Council

Question 37

RECORDS
STORAGE
Request, Accession logs, Maintenance and Quality Control logs

Answer 37

2 years

Question 38

BB Quality Control

Answer 38

5 years

Question 39

BB employee signatures, patient records, donor and recepient records

Answer 39

10 years

Question 40

Records of indefinitely/permanently deferre donors, forensic accession logs

Answer 40

Indefinitely

Question 41

Clinical Pathology (e.g. CC, Hema)

Answer 41

2 years

Question 42

Anatomical/Surgical Pathology

Answer 42

10 years

Question 43

Cytogenetics (final resorts and photographs)

Answer 43

20 years

Question 44

Forensic Autopsy

Answer 44

Indefinitely

Question 45

Urine

Answer 45

24 hours

Question 46

Serum and other body fluids

Answer 46

48 hours

Question 47

Microbiology and blood smears (routine)

Answer 47

7 days

Question 48

BB donor/recepient (blood)

Answer 48

7 days
post-transfusion

Question 49

Surgical Tissues

Answer 49

10 years

Question 50

Cytogenetic slides

Answer 50

3 years

Question 51

Cytology slides (e.g. pap)

Answer 51

5 years

Question 52

Tissue, BM, FNA Slides

Answer 52

10 years

Question 53

Paraffin blocks

Answer 53

10 years

Question 54

Forensic: Blocks, slides

Answer 54

Indefinitely