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Histopath LEC > INFLAMMATION > Flashcards

INFLAMMATION Flashcards

1
Q

• A protective universal response to tissue damage (mechanical trauma, tissue necrosis, infection)

A

INFLAMMATION

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2
Q

is not a disease, but a response of the body to a damaged tissue

A

Inflammation

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3
Q

Inflammation may be

A

Beneficial
Harmful

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4
Q

FUNCTIONS (BENEFIT) of INFLAMMATION

A

Contain damage and Isolate injury

Destroy cause of injury

Destroy resulting necrotic cells and tissues

Prepare tissue for healing and repair

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5
Q

HARMFUL EFFECTS of INFLAMMATION

A

Swelling

Inappropriate inflammatory response

Digestion of normal tissues

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6
Q

CARDINAL SIGNS

A

RR CHeat with TS to exp DP

RUBOR (redness)
CALOR (heat)
TUMOR (swelling)
DOLOR (pain)
FUNCTIO LAESA (loss of function)

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7
Q

During inflammation, our blood vessels are permeable, therefore it will open and there will be blood entry leading to the redness of the inflamed part

A

RUBOR (redness)

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8
Q

• Because of increased in permeability, there is transfer of internal heat

A

CALOR (heat)

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9
Q

Due to the escape of proteins
Example: Edema

A

TUMOR (swelling)

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10
Q

o Pain on a specific area because of:
the release of prostaglandins responsible for the pain the pressure

A

DOLOR (pain)

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11
Q

• Example: Diabetic patients - no sensation because there is no blood supply on that specific part, such as feet, of the body

A

FUNCTIO LAESA (loss of function)

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12
Q

Original 4 cardinal signs-

A

rubor
calor
tumor
dolor

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13
Q

5th one is functio laesa which was added by

A

Virchow

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14
Q

COMPONENTS OF INFLAMMATION

A

Vascular Reaction
Cellular Response

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15
Q

VASCULAR REACTION

A

VASOCONSTRICTION

VASODILATION

ENDOTHELIAL ACTIVATION

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16
Q

CELLULAR RESPONSE

A

NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION

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17
Q

Occurs first and lasts only for seconds

Initial response of the immune system

It will constrict for a short period of time

A

VASOCONSTRICTION

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18
Q

Increased diameter of blood vessels -> increased blood flow to area -› Erythema

A

VASODILATION

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19
Q

Prepares for vasodilation

A

Vasoconstriction

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20
Q

increased vascular permeability -› Edema (extravasation of liquid portion of blood)

A

Endothelial activation

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21
Q

• WBCs enter site of injury
• Kill organism, remove debris
• Release chemokines

A

NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION

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22
Q

(substances that attract
other immune substances to site of inflammation)

A

chemokines

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23
Q

SEQUENTIAL STEPS OF A TYPICAL
INFLAMMATORY REACTION (5 Rs)

A

RECOGNITION of stimulus

RECRUITMENT of WBCs and proteins to site

REMOVAL of stimulus

REGULATION of response

REPAIR

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24
Q

CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO DURATION

A

Acute
Chronic
Sub Acute/ Chronic

25
Q

Short type of inflammation

A

Acute

26
Q

Acute

The responsible WBCs to fight this type of inflammation are_____

A

Neutrophils

27
Q

The problem for neutrophils is that they have a______

A

short life span (1-5 days)

28
Q

• Long term type of inflammation

A

Chronic

29
Q

Chronic

• The responsible WBCs are_____

A

Monocytes

30
Q

When you get a test for CBC, monocytes will have the highest count in your bloodstream

A

Chronic

31
Q

• In between Acute and Chronic

• When you have your blood tested, the increased WBCs are ___________

A

Sub Acute/Chronic

Neutrophils and Monocytes

32
Q

CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO LOCATION

A

Localized

Generalized/ Systemic

33
Q

o Ex: Pimples
• Inflammation only in that one area
• Not widespread; Only found on one side/part of the body

A

Localized

34
Q

• Is widespread
It can be that the entire organ or entire system is affected
• Ex: Gingivitis,

A

Generalized/Systemic

35
Q

COMPONENTS OF INFLAMMATION
ACCORDING TO CHARACTER OF EXUDATE

A

Serous
Fibrinous
Catarrhal
Suppurative/ Purulent
Hemorrhagic

36
Q

• Watery; protein-poor

• Ex: Chicken Pox

A

SEROUS

37
Q

• Protein-rich (such as fibrinogen)
• More severe compared to
Serous
• Blood vessels are opened resulting in the escape of proteins

A

Fibrinous

38
Q

• Mucus and debris
• Common for patients with
Tuberculosis
• Ex: Cough, Sipon

A

Catarrhal

39
Q

Pus and abcess

A

Suppurative/ Purulent

40
Q

• Composed of dead neutrophils, necrotic cells, and edema fluid

A

Pus

41
Q

Collection of Pus

• Accumulated amount of Pus

A

Abscess

42
Q

RBC leakage or Leakage of blood
• Ex: Hematoma

A

Hemorrhagic

43
Q

Examples of serous

A

• Skin Blisters
• Pericarditis

44
Q

Examples of fibrinous

A

Adhesions Following Surgery

45
Q

Example of catarrhal

A

Runny nose as with
Common Cold

46
Q

Example of purulent

A

Abscesses, Boils, Cellulitis

47
Q

Example of hemorrhagic

A

Hematoma

48
Q

The goal of ______ after inflammation is to restore the normal structure

A

tissue repair

49
Q

THREE TYPES OF CELLS ACCORDING TO THEIR GENERATING CAPACITY

A

Labile cells
Stable cells
Permanent cells

50
Q

o divide actively throughout its lifespan
o capable of regeneration every after injury

A

Labile cells

51
Q

ex: hematopoietic cells of the bone marrow, lining of the surface of the genitourinary tract, epidermis of the skin

A

Labile cells

52
Q

capable of regenerating only when
needed

Go phase of the cell cycle but they can further progress to the cell cycle

A

Stable cells

53
Q

ex: hepatocytes, renal tubular cells

A

Stable cells

54
Q

cannot regenerate because they are incapable of division

A

Permanent cells

55
Q

ex: neurons, myocardial cells

A

Permanent cells

56
Q

TISSUE REPAIR

A

• Cellular proliferation

• During repair process - removal of debris

• Formation of granulation tissue

• Scarring

• Progressive contraction of wound occurs resulting in the deformity of the original structure

57
Q

• has many factors fibroblast is the most important component
• fibroblast will turn into a scar
• growth factors

A

Cellular proliferation

58
Q

• granulation consists of capillaries and fibroblasts

it fills defects created by liquefaction of the cellular debris

A

Formation of granulation tissue

59
Q

fibroblast produces collagen and collagen will produce ____

A

Scarring

Histopath LEC (37 decks)

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