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Histopath LEC > BIOPSY AND POST MORTEM EXAMINATION > Flashcards

BIOPSY AND POST MORTEM EXAMINATION Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology is divided into two major areas:

A

Clinical Pathology
Anatomical Pathology

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2
Q

Histopathology

A

CFITS

Cytology
Frozen Biopsy
Immunohistochemistry/ Immune staining
Tissue Processing
Special Staining

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3
Q

The study of tissues affected by disease

Useful in making a diagnosis and in determining the severity and progress of a condition

A

HISTOPATHOLOGY

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4
Q

Includes all activities done in the laboratory in order to produce a suitable specimen slide for viewing by the pathologist

A

HISTOPATHOLOGIC TECHNIQUES

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5
Q

PROFESSIONALS UNDER HISTOPATHOLOGY

A

Pathologist
Associate Pathologist
Histotechnologist/Histotechnician

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6
Q

(Head of the Laboratory)

A

Pathologist

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7
Q

Sections large and hollow organs to allow fixation down to mounting

Examines the tissue sections, cytologic slides under the microscope

A

Pathologist

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8
Q

o Monitor staff performance
o Pinpoint problematic situations and find solutions

A

Associate Pathologist

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9
Q

Assists the pathologists by providing spx slides that are properly labeled, processed, stained, and mounted

A

Histotechnologist/Histotechnician

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10
Q

o Ensures high quality conditions of equipment, formalin, and other chemicals and reagents

o Analyze problems and corrects them

A

Histotechnologist/Histotechnician

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11
Q

Work systematically to minimize error

A

Histotech

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12
Q

QUALITY IN HISTOPATHOLOGY LABORATORY

A

Quality Assurance

Quality Management Systems

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13
Q

• Ensuring that everything is right (test time, specimen, patient, diagnosis and price)

A

Quality Assurance

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14
Q

• Set of coordinated activities to regulate a lab in order to continually improve its performance

A

Quality Management Systems

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15
Q

Considers pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic phase

A

Quality Management Systems

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16
Q

•
From receiving to specimen accessioning down to mounting

•
Actual reading of the slides

•
Releasing of results

A

Pre-analytic

Analytic

Post-analytic

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17
Q

Documents

A

RRAP

Request forms
Reports
Accession Logbooks
Preventive Maintenance

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18
Q

Types of results

A

• Surgical Pathology

• Cytopathology

• Autopsy Report

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19
Q

TAT Surgical Pathology and Cytology =

A

2 days

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20
Q

TAT

Frozen Sections =

A

5-15 minutes

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21
Q

TAT

Autopsy Report =

A

7 days

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22
Q

Reports

A

Patient report
Telephone report
Preliminary report
Final report
Incident report

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23
Q

Post mortem examination

A

Autopsy

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24
Q

Ante mortem examination

A

Biopsy

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25
Q

Autopsia Cadaverum

A

Autopsy

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26
Q

Biopsy

“____” - life;

“___” - to see

A

Bio

Opsia

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27
Q

AUTOPSY
• AKA “

A

Necropsy
Post-Mortem
Thanatopsy

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28
Q

Purposes of autopsy

A

• Determine the cause of death and extent of injury

• Uncovering existence of an undetected disease

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29
Q

Types of Autopsy according to:

A

Purpose
Completeness
Manner of incision

30
Q

Types of Autopsy according to:
(n)
• Purpose

A

Medical/ Hospital
Medico-legal

31
Q

Types of autopsy acc to

COMPLETENESS

A

Partial
Complete

32
Q

Types of autopsy acc to incision

A

Y-shaped
Straight cut

33
Q

DISSECTION/EVISCERATION TECHNIQUES

A

GHON

ROKITANSKY

LETULLE

VIRCHOW

34
Q

One by one removal of organs
Most widely used

A

VIRCHOW

35
Q

“In situ” (in place) dissection, followed by en bloc removal

A

Rokitansky

36
Q

“En bloc” removal
Organs of same group/activity/region are removed at the same time

A

Ghon

37
Q

“En masse” removal of organs
All organs are removed at the same, then dissected by blocks

A

Letulle

38
Q

Prerequisites:

A

•Written or informed consent from the legal next-of-kin

• Medical abstract or clinical data

• Autopsy Request (suspicious evidence of foul play)

39
Q

Personnel

A

CPD

Coroner
Prosector
Diener

40
Q

A public official who is empowered to order an inquest into the manner or cause of death

A

Coroner

41
Q

• Pathologist who performs the dissection

A

Prosector

42
Q

Comes from the German word
“leichendiener” meaning “servant of the dead”

A

Diener

43
Q

Diener

Comes from the German word
“_____” meaning “servant of the dead”

A

leichendiener

44
Q

Assists during an autopsy, and assumes many and varied responsibilities in the autopsy laboratory

A

Diener

45
Q

(____= before;____ = death)

A

ante

mortem

46
Q

TYPES OF BIOPSY

A

Fine needle aspiration
Core needle
Incisional
Excisional
Punch
Shave
Curettage

47
Q

• Simplest, least invasive

Minor type of getting tissue sections

• Uses very thin needle attached to a syringe to take out a small amount of fluid and tissue from area

A

Fine needle aspiration

48
Q

• Uses slightly larger needle

A

Core needle

49
Q

Remove small column of tissue
(1/16 inch in diameter, (½ inch long)

A

Core needle

50
Q

• Surgical
• Small part of a large lesion or tumor is taken

A

Incisional

51
Q

• Surgical
• Entire affected area is taken

A

Excisional

52
Q

• For skin
Uses circular blade to obtain deeper skin sample that removes a short cylindrical core of tissue (“apple core”)

A

Punch

53
Q

• For skin
• Small fragments of outer layers of skin are “shaved” or scraped

A

Shave

54
Q

• Tissues are removed from body cavity (or canals) using a currette

A

Curettage

55
Q

Methods of Examination

A

Fresh

Fixed

56
Q

What are the processes which are performed in histopathologic techniques

A

Tissue processing
Cytology
Frozen biopsy
Immunohistochemistry
Special staining

57
Q

What phase is the tissue processing

A

Pre analytic

58
Q

Autopsy comes from the GREEK word

A

Autopsia Cadaverum

59
Q

Ms. Rose kay nag somatic death na. Unsa man ang type of examination of tissue?

A

AUTOPSY

Malamang…

60
Q

Who submits the autopsy request?

A

Coroner

61
Q

Bone marrow aspiration utilizes

A

Core needle biopsy

62
Q

Asa gina obtain and bone marrow aspirate?

A

Iliac crest of hip bone

63
Q

Fresh tissue examination

A

Teasing
Crushing/ Squashing
Frozen section
Smear preparation

64
Q

Smear preparation

A

Streaking
Spreading
Pull-apart
Touch preparation

65
Q

Fixed tissue examination

A

Fixation
Decalcification
Dehydration
Clearing
Infiltration
Embedding
Blocking
Trimming
Sectioning
Staining
Mounting
Labelling
Microscopic examination

66
Q

Bone marrow aspirate examination is done through

A

Pull-apart

67
Q

Is the tissue in frozen sections fresh??

A

Yuh

68
Q

Requested during intra-operative procedures to help the surgeon in choosing his next plan of action

A

Frozen sections

69
Q

Fresh tissues are frozen using a cryostat or freezing microtome
● Can use two types of microtome
● When using these types, the temperature inside
should be maintained…

A

(-10 to -30 degree Celsius)

70
Q

Which has better quality slides?

Fresh or Fixed?

A

Fixed

71
Q

Which histopathologic examination is faster? Fixed or Fresh?

A

Fresh

Histopath LEC (37 decks)

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