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Histopath LEC > GENERAL PATHOLOGY > Flashcards

GENERAL PATHOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Germ layers

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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2
Q

Ectoderm (forms the______)

Mesoderm (develops into_____)

Endoderm (forms the______)

A

exoskeleton

organs

inner lining of organs

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3
Q

Divisions of Pathology

A

A. Gross Pathology
B. Microscopic Pathology

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4
Q

Four Aspects of a Disease Process

A

A. Etiology
B. Pathogenesis
C. Morphologic and Molecular Changes
D. Clinical Manifestations

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5
Q

Stages of the Cellular Response to Stress and Iniurious Stimuli

A

A. Homeostasis
B. Adaptation
C. Cell Injury
D. Other Responses (Autophagy, Intracellular Accumulation of Substances, Pathologic Calcification, Cellular Aging)

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6
Q

• The innermost layer

A

Endoderm

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7
Q

• The middle lining

A

Mesoderm

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8
Q

Endoderm

Will develop into the following cells:

A

the Lung Cells (Alveolar Cell)

Thyroid Cells

Digestive Cells (Pancreatic Cell)

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9
Q

Mesoderm

• Will develop into the following organ cells:

A

the Cardiac Muscle Cells

Skeletal Muscle Cells

Tubule Cells of the Kidney

Red Blood Cells

Smooth Muscle Cells (in gut)

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10
Q

• The outermost part

A

Ectoderm

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11
Q

• Forms the exoskeleton (involves in giving structures, shape in a certain tissue or entity)

A

Ectoderm

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12
Q

Epidermis

Can be found in

A

skin cells of epidermis

neuron on brain

pigment cells

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13
Q

FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES:

A

• Epithelial Tissue
• Connective Tissue
• Muscular Tissue
• Nervous Tissue

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14
Q

• Functions to provide protection

• Can be found in the skin, also in the various linings of the organs and passages

A

Epithelial Tissue

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15
Q

Provides blood supply to the epithelium

Connects the tissue to bones, tendons, in order to provide nutrients, and blood supply to the different parts of the body

A

Connective Tissue

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16
Q
  • The major ingredient in all connective tissue
A

COLLAGEN

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17
Q

Types of Connective Tissue:

A

• Connective Tissue Proper
• Cartilage
• Bone
• Blood
• Muscular Tissue
• Nervous Tissue

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18
Q

2 types of Connective Tissue Proper

A

Loose ct
Dense ct

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19
Q

Loose ct (3)

ARA

A

• Areolar
• Adipose
• Reticular

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20
Q

Dense ct (3)

RIE

A

Regular
Irreguar
Elastic

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21
Q

Cartilage (3)

A

Fibrocartilage
Elastic
Hyaline

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22
Q

Bone (2)

A

Compact
Spongy

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23
Q

Tissue involved in movement

A

Muscular Tissue

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24
Q

Three basic types of muscular tissue

A

• Skeletal muscle (Voluntary)
• Cardiac muscle (Involuntary)
• Smooth muscle (Involuntary)

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25
Q

• Send signal, impulse, and messages from the brain to other parts of the body

A

Nervous Tissue

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26
Q

• A broad and complex branch of science because we are dealing with diseases, including the effects of these diseases on our body and the consequences to our tissue and cells

A

GENERAL PATHOLOGY

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27
Q

Why do we need to understand Histology?

A

• Disease processes affect tissues in distinctive ways, which depend on the type of tissue and the disease itself.

• Understanding the changes that are characteristic of a disease requires detailed knowledge of the normal histology of cells and tissues and the range of normality.

• Knowing the type of tissue and their composition is important in the selection of the appropriate histopathologic technique and stain to be used.

• These changes within cells and tissues can be visualized using histopathologic techniques.

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28
Q

PATHOLOGY
• Taken from the Greek word “Pathos” and “Logos,” which means ______

A

study of suffering or disease

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29
Q

• Underlying cause of death

• Structural and functional changes in cells, tissue, and organs

• Molecular bases of diseases

A

HISTOPATHOLOGY

30
Q
  • Father of Modern Pathology
A

Rudolf Virchow

31
Q
  • Father of Medicine
A

Hippocrates

32
Q

humor:

A

Yellow Bile
Black Bile
Blood
Phlegm

33
Q

Pathology is divided into two major areas:

A

GROSS PATHOLOGY

MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY

34
Q

• Changes in the tissue that can be seen by the naked eye

• You will be identifying the shape, color, size, and consistency of the tissue

A

GROSS PATHOLOGY

35
Q

• Changes in the tissue that can be seen using the microscope

A

MICROSCOPIC PATHOLOGY

36
Q

Under microscopic pathology

A

Clinical pathology

Anatomical pathology

37
Q

• Compositions of body fluids, tissues, secretion, exudates, and transudates

A

Clinical Pathology

38
Q

Clinical Pathology

• Compositions of

A

body fluids
tissues
secretion
exudates
transudates

39
Q

Under Clinical Pathology:

A

• Clinical Chemistry
• Bacteriology
• Clinical Microscopy
• Hematology
• Immunology-Serology

40
Q

Removal of an organ/tissue in the body for examination/diagnosis

A

Anatomical Pathology

41
Q

Under Anatomical Pathology:

A

• Histopathology

42
Q

Any change from a state of health as a result of certain forms of stimuli and stress.

A

Disease

43
Q

FOUR ASPECTS OF A DISEASE PROCESS

EPMC

A

Etiology
Pathogenesis
Morphologic and Molecular Changes
Clinical manifestations

44
Q

(Cause of disease/oriain of disease

Genetic or Acquired Factors (a.k.a Root Cause or Causative Agents)

A

Etiology

45
Q

Mechanisms of the development of the disease

A

Pathogenesis

46
Q

Sequence of events from initial stimulus to ultimate expression of the disease

A

Pathogenesis

47
Q

Structural, biochemical and molecular alterations as a result of disease

A

Morphologic and molecular changes

48
Q

MORPHOLOGIC AND MOLECULAR
CHANGES

A

Structural Changes
Biochemical Changes

49
Q

•Functional consequence of the changes

A

Clinical manifestations

50
Q

Under clinical manifestations

A

Signs
Symptoms

51
Q

Effects that can be observed by others

Example:
chickenpox, rashes

A

Signs

52
Q

Effects apparent only to the patient

Example: headache

A

Symptoms

53
Q

STAGES OF THE CELLULAR RESPONSE TO STRESS AND INJURIES STIMULI (i draw sa papel!!!!!!)

A

Normal cell (Homeostasis)

Adaptation
Cell injury

Reversible injury
Irreversible injury
- Necrosis
- Apoptosis

54
Q

2 types of cell death

A

Necrosis
Apoptosis

55
Q

Inability to adapt

A

Cell injury

56
Q

Sever progressive cell injury

A

Irreversible injury

57
Q

Mild transient cell injury

A

Reversible injury

58
Q

• It is through which normal cells handle physiologic demands

• Act of maintaining a steady state

A

HOMEOSTASIS

59
Q

• Changes made by the cell in response to environmental changes (stress or stimuli)

A

ADAPTATION

60
Q

Example: Cell injury or death
Inability to adapt

A

ADAPTATION

61
Q

Altered cell structure or function

A

Cell injury

62
Q

Altered cell structure or function due to:

A

ㅇ Inability to adapt
ㅇ Exposure to injurious stimuli
ㅇDeprivation from essential nutrients

63
Q

Types of cell injury

A

Reversible
Irreversible

64
Q

Physiologic Changes

“Program Cell Death or Active Cell Death”

A

Apoptosis

65
Q

Example of apoptosis

A

Example: death of RBC after 120 days

66
Q

• Pathologic Changes

“Passive Cell Death or Accidental Cell Death”

A

Necrosis

67
Q

Example of necrosis

A

Example: cell death because of iniurious stimulus

68
Q

STAGES OF THE CELLULAR RESPONSE TO STRESS AND INJURIOUS STIMULI:
OTHER RESPONSES

A

• Autophagy (self-eating)

• Intracellular Accumulation of Substances

• Pathologic Calcification

•Cellular Aging

69
Q

The body will eat its own components in order to survive

A

Autophagy (self-eating)

70
Q

• Acquire substances from neighboring cells

A

Intracellular Accumulation of Substances

71
Q

• The level of calcium is increased; hence, the tissue is hardened.

This happens in order to stop further destruction

A

Pathologic Calcification

72
Q

• The cell is old so the function is already declining.

A

Cellular Aging

Histopath LEC (37 decks)

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