The Heart Lecture

Question 1

What are the two Main Divisions of the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 1

The Pulmonary Circuit and the Systemic Circuit

Question 2

What does the Pulmonary circuit do?

Answer 2

CO2 rich blood flows from the right side of heart to lungs via veins.

Gas is exchanged, O2 is gained, CO2 is dropped

Pulmonary arteries return O2 rich blood to the left side of the heart

Question 3

What does the Systemic Circuit do?

Answer 3

Delivers O2 rich blood to all body organs

Gas is exchanged, CO2 is gained, O2 is dropped

Switches from arteries to veins back to the right side of the heart with CO2 rich blood

Question 4

What is the position, size, and shape of the heart?

Answer 4

• The heart is located in the mediastinum
• Size of a fist
• Base is superior whereas Apex points inferior to left

Question 5

Name the 4 layers of the Pericardium

Answer 5

The pericardium is double walled:
- Most outer layer is the Fibrous Pericardium
- Pericardial Sac is the outer wall (Parietal Pericardium)
- Pericardial Cavity (Space between walls of the Pericardium)
- Epicardium is the inner wall (Visceral Pericardium)

Question 6

Name the 3 layers of the Heart Wall

Answer 6

From superficial to deep:
- Epicardium: serous membrane of the heart
- Myocardium: Inner cardiac muscle (makes up middle wall)
- Endocardium: lines chambers of the heart

Question 7

What are the two superior chambers of the heart?

Answer 7

Left and Right Atrium:
- Thinned walled, **Recieving Chambers **
- Separated by Interatrial Septum
- Contains Pectinate Muscles (makes up internal ridges of atria)
- Has Auricules (ear-like extensions)

Question 8

What are the 2 inferior chambers of the heart?

Answer 8

Left and Right Ventricles:
- Thick-walled, Pumping Chambers
- Separated by Interventricular Septum (Anterior and Posterior intervectricular sulci overly it)
- Contains Trabeculae Carneae (Makes up internal ridges of ventricles)