Histology: Study of Tissues Flashcards
What is Epithelial Tissue?
Tissues make up the outer layer of organ surfaces
Made for protection, secretion, and absorption
What is Connective Tissue?
Tissue used to support, bind, and protect organs
ex. Tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone etc
What is Nervous Tissue?
Tissue made up of excitable cells made for rapid communication of information
ex. brain, spinal cord, nerves
What is Muscular Tissue?
Tissue composed of cells that specialized for contraction
ex. skeletal muscles, heart, etc
Epithelial Tissue
Name the characteristics of Epithelical Tissue
- One or more layers
- form surfaces
- basement membrane
- basal and apical surfaces
Epithelial Tissue
What are the classes and cell types of Epithelial Tissue?
Classes of Epithelial Tissue:
- Simple
- Stratified
Cell Shapes of Epithelial Tissue:
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar
Tissue Idenification
What Tissue is this?
Simple Squamous Epithelial Tissue
Tissue Idenitifcation
What Tissue is this?
Simple Cuboidial Epthelial Tissue
Tissue Identification
What Tissue is this?
Simple Columnar Epthelial Tissue
Tissue Idenitification
What Tissue is this?
Stratified Squamous Epithelium - Keratinized
Tissue Idenitification
What Tissue is this?
Stratified Squamous Epithelium - Nonkeratinized
Tissue Idenitification
What Tissue is this?
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Name the functions of Connective Tissue
- Binding and support of Organs
- Physical and Immune support
- movement
- storage
- heat transport
ex. Tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone etc
Cells of Fibrous Connective Tissue
What are Fibroblasts?
Produce Fibers and Ground substance
Cells of Fibrous Connective Tissue
What are Macrophages?
They eat bacteria and debris
Cells of Fibrous Connective Tissue
What are Leukocytes?
White Blood Cells
Cells of Fibrous Connective Tissue
What are Plasma Cells?
They produce antibodies
Cells of Fibrous Connective Tissue
What are Adipocytes?
Fat Cells
Fibers of Fibrous Connective Tissue
What are Collagenous Fibers?
Tough and flexible
(White Fibers of tendons and ligaments)
Fibers of Fibrous Connective Tissue
Reticular Fibers
thin collagen fibers
(framework of spleen and lymph nodes)
Fibers of Fibrous Connective Tissue
Elastic Fibers
stretch and recoil
(elastin protein is abundant in lungs).
Tissue Idenitification
Name this Tissue and identify it’s structures
Areolar Loose Connective Tissue: abundant, binds epithelia to deeper tissue
Tissue Idenitification
Name this Tissue and identify it’s structures
Reticular Loose Connective Tissue
(Located in lympathtic organs)
Tissue Identification
What kind of Connective Tissue is this?
Regular Dense Connective Tissue
- Fibers are highly organized
- mainly composed of fibroblasts
- Located in tendons and ligaments
- Has elastic properties
Tissue Identification
What kind of Connective Tissue is this?
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
- unorganized fibers
- resists stress
- most of dermis
Tissue Identification
Name this Tissue
Adipose Tissue
- fatty tissue
- stores energy
- protection
What makes up Cartilage? Name the subtypes
Chondroblasts: cells that secrete cartilage matrix
Lacunae: small cavity surrounding a chondrocyte
Chondrocytes: cartilage cells in lacunae
Subtypes:
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Tissue Identification
What Tissue is this?
Hyaline Cartilage
Tissue Identification
What Tissue is this?
Elastic Cartilage
Tissue Identification
What is this Tissue?
Fibrocartilage
Name all the following parts found in bone
- Central canal
- Lamellae
- Osteon
- Osteocytes
- Canaliculi
- Periosteum
Name all the cells found in Blood
-Platelets
- Red Blood Cells
- White Blood Cells
What are parts of the cell that make up Nervous Tissue?
- Axon
- Neurosoma
- Dendrites
Locate the parts that make up the Nervous Tissue
What makes up Skeletal Muscular Tissue?
- Muscle Fibers
- Striations
- Voluntary movement
What makes up Cardiac Muscular Tissue?
- Cardiomyocytes
- Striations
- Intercalated Discs
- Involuntary movement
What makes up Smooth Muscule Tissue?
- Fusiform myocytes
- non-striated
- Involuntary movement
What Tissue is this? What are it’s parts?
Skeletal Muscular Tissue
What Tissue is this? What are it’s parts?
Cardiac Muscular Tissue
What Tissue is this? What are it’s parts?
Smooth Muscle Tissue
What are the two types of glands?
And what do they do?
Endocrine Glands:
Secretes hormone into blood
Exocrine Glands:
Uses Ducts to secrete body surfaces or cavity
Types of Exocrine Secretion glands
Serous Glands: Secrete thin, watery fluids
Mucous Glands: secrete mucin that absorbs water to form mucus
Mixed Glands: secrete a mix of watery and mucus secretions
Methods of Exocrine Secretion
Eccrine Glands:
- Exocytosis
- Tear glands, pancreas, gastric glands, etc
Apocrine Glands:
- Droplets bud from surface
- Mammary and Axillary Glands
Holocrine Glands:
- Entire Cell
- Oil-producing glands of scalp and eyelid
What are the 3 Membranes of the Skin?
Cutaneous Membrane - Largest Membrane, Skin
Mucous Membrane - line passageways to opening
- Epithelium
- Lamina Propria: Areolar CT
- Muscularis Mucosae: Smooth Muscle Layer
Serous Membrane - Simple Squamous
- Produces serous fluid
Tissue Growth and Development
What are the 3 growths of Tissue?
Hyperplasia - Cell multiplication
Hypertrophy - Enlargement of the Cells
Neoplasia - Tumor Development
Tissue Growth and Development
What are the 2 Changes of Tissue?
Differentation: Specialization of form or function
Metaplasia: Change from one tissue to another
Tissue Repair and Death
What are the two ways tissue can repair themselves?
Regeneration - replacement of dead cells
Fibrosis: scar tissue development
Tissue Repair and Death
What are the 3 ways that cause Shrinkage and Death of cells?
Atrophy - Reduction in size or number
Apoptosis - programmed cell death
Necrosis - pathological death of tissue
- Infarction: cut of blood supply
- Gangrene: insuffient blood supply (necrosis)
What are the three types of Muscluar Tissue?
Skeletal Muscular Tissue:
Cardiac Muscular Tissue:
Smooth Muscular Tissue:
