Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 32 > Nervous Tissue > Flashcards

Nervous Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is Neurobiology?
And what other branches does it include?

A

Study of the Nervous System

Includes Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the Nervous System Functions?

A

Sensory perception, integration, and motor planning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the Central Nervous System include?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the Peripheral Nervous System include?

A

Nerves that branch out of the CNS/Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name all the branches and sub-branches of the Nervous System

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Actions of the Viseral Sensory Division

A

DETECTS signals from the visera of thoracic and abdominal cavites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Actions of the Somatic Sensory Division

A

DETECTS signals from receptors in the skin, muscles, bones, and/or joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Actions of the Viseral Motor Division (VMD)

A

SENDS signals to glands, cardiac muscles, and/or smooth muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions do?

A

Sympathetic Division: Battle mode, prepares the body for extreme situations (fight or flight mode)

Parasympathetic Division: conducts normal bodily functions when the body is at a regular state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Actions of the Somatic Motor Division

A

SENDS signals to skeletal muscles, many of which are in voluntary control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a Nervous Cell and its properties?

A

Neuron, carries out system communication of the body

Properties:
Excitability: irritablity, response to stimuli via electrial signals
Conductivity: sends signals to distant locations quickly due to electrical response to stimuli
Secretion: secreting neurotransmitters/chemcial messegers when electrical signals reach the end of nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sensory Neuron Action

A

Afferent Neurons

Detect stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Interneuron Action

A

Receive signals from other neurons and make response decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Motor Neuron Action

A

Efferent Neurons

Sends response signals to muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a Neurosoma?

A

Control center of a neuron

(soma or cell body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are Chromatophilic Substances?

A

Compartmentalized Rough Endoplasmic Recticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are Dendrites?

A

Receives signals and messages from other neurons

(# of dendrites vary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do Axons do?

Describe what are terminal arborizations and axon terminals

A

Sends action potentials

Terminal Arborizations: Complex of branches at axons distal end
Axon Terminal: ending of an axon branch that communicates with another cell (makes synapses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cells of the Neuroglia of the Central Nervous System

A

CNS glia includes:
Oligodendrocytes, mircogila, ependymal cells, and astrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do C.O.P.S stand for?

A

CNS
Oligodendrocytes: make myelin for the brain and spinal cord
PNS
Schwann Cells: form myelin in the peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

CNS

Secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid that line internal cavites of the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Microgilia Cells

A

CNS

Macrophages that eat microorganisms, dead tissue, and foreign matter
(help in defense and disposal)

23
Q

Astrocytes

A

Gives support and nourishment for the CNS

24
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Produce myelin sheath and regenerates damaged fibers of the PNS

25
Q

Satellite Cells

A

Support and nourish the gangila and PNS

26
Q

Myelin

A

An insulating layer or sheath that forms around nerves

27
Q

Myelination

A

Formation of a myelin sheet

28
Q

Describe a Ganglion

A

Concentration of cell bodies in the PNS

29
Q

Whats another name for the Autonomic Nervous System?

What are it’s subdivisions?

A

The Visceral Motor System

Subdivisions:
- Sympathetic Division
- Parasympathetic Division

30
Q

Source of new neurons in the CNS

A

Mitosis of existing neurons

31
Q

Axon Hillock

A

mound located on one side of the soma from which the axon originates

32
Q

Multipolar Neurons

A

Many Dendrites, one axon

(Most neurons are this!)

33
Q

Bipolar Neurons

A

One dendrite, one axon

(rare neurons)

34
Q

Unipolar

A

No dendrites, one axon

(starts out as bipolar neurons)

35
Q

Anaxonic Neurons

A

Many dendrites but no axon

(No axon = no action potentials made)

36
Q

Neurilemma

A

Outermost layer of myelin, containing the nucleus and cytoplasm of the Schwann cell

37
Q

Internodal Segment

A

fiber segment covered by myelin.

38
Q

Myelin Sheath Gaps
(Nodes of Ranvier)

A

fiber segment between gaps in myelin

39
Q

2 factors that influence speed of nerve signal conduction

A
  • Diameter of fiber (larger is faster)
  • Presence of myelin (Myelinated is faster)

Fastest fibers are both large and myelinated

40
Q

What is the Neurilemma?

A

Outermost layer of myelin of Schwann cells

Contains nucleus and cytoplasm of Schwann cell

41
Q

Where are unmyelinated nerve fibers found?

A

Found in both CNS and PNS

Unmyelinated fibers can be found within Schwann Cells

42
Q

How does the PNS regenerate its nerves?

A

Neurolemma and endoneurium produce regeneration tube to repair axon

Only if PNS cell bodies are intact

43
Q

How does the CNS regenerate its nerves?

A

It can’t

Brain and spinal nerves cannot regenerate

44
Q

What are synapses?

A

Meeting point of a neuron and another cell

Presynaptic neuron to postsynaptic neuron

45
Q

What kind of messages do synapses use?

A

Both eletrical signals and chemical messagers (neurotransmitters)

46
Q

What are the two types of synapses and the one variant?

A

Axodendritic Synapse:
Axon to dendrite

Axosomatic Synapse:
Axon to Neurosoma

Variant synapse is axoaxonic synapse (axon to axon)

47
Q

How do chemical synapses work?

A

Presynaptic neuron attaches and releases neurotransmitters to postsynaptic cell receptors

48
Q

Describe axon terminals of presynaptic cells and synaptic clefts.

When both combined, what do they make?

A

Axon terminal of presynaptic cell:
contains synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters (ex. ACh)

Synaptic Cleft:
Neurotransmitter receptors on postsynaptic cell

Both structures make a chemical synapse

49
Q

Describe features of electrial synapses

A
  • Joined via gap junctions
  • ions diffusing from cell to cell
  • very quick transmission to detect stimuli, no descion making response can be made
  • can travel in either direction
50
Q

Describe Diverging Circuits

A

One input nerve fiber branches out and synapses with several post-synaptic cells

(one input can cause multiple output responses)

51
Q

Describe Converging Circuits

A

Contrast to divergent circuits, outputs of many different sources is funnelled to output circuit

52
Q

Describe Reverberating Circuits

A

Neurons stimulating each other in sequence causing repetition

53
Q

Describe Parrallel After-Discharge Circuits

A

Input neuron diverges and stimulates several chains of neurons that eventually reconverge to the same output neuron

Output neuron recieves serveral signals from multiple pathways

Anatomy 32 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions