Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 32 > Muscle Cells > Flashcards

Muscle Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 Muscle Types

A
  • Skeletal
  • Cardiac
  • Smooth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Myology

A

Study of skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 5 functions of Muscle?

A

Movement
Stability
Control body openings and passages
Heat productions
Glycemic control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Properties of Muscle

What is Excitability?

A

Aka responsiveness, ability to react to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Properties of Muscle

Conductivity

A

Ability of spreading electrical impulse through muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Properties of Muscle

Contractility

A

Ability to shorten when stimulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Properties of Muscle

Extensiblity

A

Ability to stretch without harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Properties of Muscle

Elasticity

A

Ability to recoil from stretching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

A
  • Striated, alternating light and dark bonds
  • voluntary, decide to move
  • attached to bone
  • made up of myofiber/muscle fiber
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

A
  • Striated
  • Involuntary movement
  • Made up of cardiomyocyte
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Smooth Muscle Tissue

A
  • Nonstriated
  • Involuntary movement
  • Fusiform cell shape (thick in center, tapered at ends)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Sacrolemma

A

Plasma membrane of muscle fibers (outer layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Transverse Tubules

A

Penatrates the sacrolemma

Sends electrical currents from outside stimuli to the inside of the sacrolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sacroplasm

A

Cytoplasm of the muscle cell

Contains:
- glycogen: storage of energy
- Myoglobin: binds to oxygen
- Myofibril: makes up bundles of muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

A

Stores and releases calcium for muscle contraction and relaxation

Contains Terminal Cisterns:
- stores and releases calcium when action potentials goes through transverse tubules, eliciting muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thick Myofilaments

A

Made up of myosin protein

Heads project out from hundreds of myosin bundled together

17
Q

Thin Myofilaments

A

Made up of two layers of actin

Fibrous (F) actin: resembles necklace
Globular (G) actin: resembles one bead of necklace
- Active site: myosin binding area on G actin

18
Q

Elastic Myofilaments

A

Made up of titin protein

Anchors thick myofilaments

19
Q

Myofilaments

Functions of Tropomyosin and Troponin

A

Tropomyosin:
Blocks active sites when muscle is relaxed

Troponin:
Attaches to tropomyosin, binds calcium when excited

20
Q

Describe Skeletal Muscle Striations

A

Narrow light and dark strips perpendicular to cell
(A-band: Dark stripe
I-band: light stripe)

21
Q

Striations

A-Bands

A

Dark stripe of thick myofilaments (myosin) that partly overlap thin myofilaments (actin)

22
Q

Striations

H-Bands

A

Central region of A-Bands that only contain myosin

23
Q

Striations

M-Line

A

Midline of A-Band and H-Band

(holds thick myofilaments together)

24
Q

Striations

I-Bands

A

Light Stripe of thin and elastic myofilament (only F and G actin, no myosin)

25
Q

Striations

Z-Disc

A

Protein that anchors thin and elastic filaments

Defines boundaries of a sarcomere (Z-Disc to Z-disc)

26
Q

Striations

Sarcomere

A

Made up of both actin and myosin (both responsible for muscular contraction)

Basic unit of contractile muscle fiber

27
Q

Blood supply to Muscles during resting and heavy excerise

A

Resting: Muscle receives 1/4 supply of hearts blood output

Heavy Excerise: Muscle receives 3/4 supply of hearts blood outputs

28
Q

Describe what happens at the Neuromuscular Junction: Synapse
(aka point of communication)

A
  1. Motor Neuron Synaptic knob contains vesticles containing ACh
  2. ACh gets deposited by the motor neuron synaptic knob and goes through the synaptic cleft
  3. Postsynaptic membrane folds of muscle cells contain ACh receptors
  4. ACh binds to receptors that then trigger an action potential that sends info into the muscle
29
Q

Motor Units

A

One motor unit can control multiple muscle fibers (behaves as a single functional unit)

Small amounts of motor units are used in fine motor control (ex. eyeball movement)

Large amounts of moter units are used in larger muscle contraction (Ex. leg movement)

30
Q

What are large motor units associated with?

A

Strength

31
Q

What is ACh?

A

A neurotransmitter

32
Q

Describe a what a Neuromuscular Junction is

A

The site where the nerve fiber (axon terminal) connects with the muscle fiber (motor end plate)

33
Q

Contraction and Relaxation

Excitation: 1st Phase (1-3)

A
  1. Nerve signal arrives at synapsis knob
  2. Knob releases ACh, ACh bings to muscle receptors, ion gates open which excites muscle
  3. Excitation spreads down and through muscle cell
34
Q

Contraction and Relaxation

Excitation - Contraction Coupling: 2nd Phase (4-8)

A
  1. Electrical impulse triggers calcium realse from SR (Sacroplasmic Reticulum)
  2. Calcium binds to troponin, which moves tropomyosin to expose actin
  3. Myosin breaks down ATP and extends head
  4. Myosin forms cross-bridge with actin
  5. Myosin pulls actin in power stroke, then detaches, reattaches, pulls again, etc
35
Q

Contraction and Relaxation

Relaxation: 3rd Phase (9-10)

A
  1. Nerve singal stops
  2. SR (Sarcoplasmic Reticulum) reabsorbs calcium, troponin blockade resumes and tension subsides
36
Q

Slow Oxidative Muscle Fibers

A
  • Slow twitch, Red, Type 1 fibers
  • Small diameter
  • Aerobic ATP production (oxygen required)
  • Abundent in Mitochondria, Myoglobin, Capillaries (gives the red color)
  • Low Levels of glycogen
  • Resistant to fatigue
  • Predominate in postural muscles

Anatomy 32 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions