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Anatomy 32 > Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal Cord Functions

Conduction

A
  • sensory info ascends spinal cord
  • motor commands descends spinal cord
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2
Q

Spinal Cord Functions

Neural Integration

A
  • spinal cord receives info from diverse sources
  • Processes information
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3
Q

Spinal Cord Functions

Locomotion

A

central pattern generaters that coordinate simple repetitive movements
(ex. walking doesn’t need much brain activity to do)

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4
Q

Spinal Cord Functions

Reflexes

A

Involuntary responses to stimuli

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5
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

How many pairs does each region of the spine have?

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Cervical has 8 pairs (C1 to C8)
Thoracic has 12 pairs (T1 to T12)
Lumber has 5 pairs (L1 to L5)
Sacral has 5 pairs (S1 to S5)
Coccyx has 1 pair

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6
Q

What are the 4 major regions of the spinal cord and it’s 2 enlargements?

A

4 Major Regions:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

Enlargements:
Cervical
Lumbosacral

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7
Q

Where is the Medullary Cone and Cauda Equine located?

A

The Medullary Cone is found inferior to the Lumbosacral Enlargement

The Cauda Equine is found inferior to the Medullary Cone

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8
Q

Dura Mater

A

Tough outer layer of the spinal meninges

Epidural space:
Superfical space in between duramater and bone

Subdural space:
Deep space in between dura mater and arachnoid mater

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9
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Middle layer of Spinal Meninges

Subarachnoid space:
- between Arachnoid Mater and Pia Mater
- filled with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

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10
Q

Pia Mater

A

Delicate, inter layer of Spinal Meninges

Makes up the outer layer of the spinal cord (Gray and white matter)

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11
Q

Name the 3 layers of the Spinal Meninges

A
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid Mater
  • Pia Mater
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12
Q

Gray Matter of the Spinal Cord

A

Most deepest layer found in the spinal cord

H shape:
- Dorsal Gray Horn
- Ventral Gray Horn
- Lateral Gray Horn
- Gray Commissure

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13
Q

White Matter of the Spinal Cord

A

Surrounds the gray matter with 3 sections called columns

  • Dorsal Column
  • Lateral Column
  • Ventral Column
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14
Q

Central Canal of Spinal Cord

A

Directly in center of the Spinal cord
(center of both gray and white matter)

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15
Q

Ascending Spinal Tract

A

Carries sensory info up to the brain

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16
Q

Descending Spinal Tract

A

Carry motor commands down from the brain

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17
Q

Decussation

A

Tracts crossing over the midlnie when passing up or down the spinal cord

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18
Q

Ipsilateral Tracts

A

Spinal tracts that do not cross the midline

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19
Q

Ascending (sensory) Tracts

Gracile Fasciculus

A

Located in the Posterior Funiculus
Decussation: in Medulla

Function:
Sensation of body position, discrimative touch, and pressure of lower body (below T6)

20
Q

Ascending (sensory) Tracts

Cuneate Fasciculus

A

Located in Posterior Funiculus
Decussation: In Medulla

Functions:
Sensation of body position, discrimative touch, and pressure of upper body (Level T6 up)

21
Q

Ascending (sensory) Tracts

Spinothalamic Tract

A

Located in Lateral and Anterior Funiculus
Decussation: In Spinal Cord

Functions:
carries info of pain and temperture

22
Q

Descending (Motor) Tracts

Lateral Corticospinal

A

Located in Lateral Funiculus
Decussation: In medulla

Functions:
Fine motor control of limbs

23
Q

Descending (Motor) Tracts

Anterior Corticospinal

A

Located in Anterior Funiculus
Decussation: in Spinal Cord

Functions:
Fine motor control of limbs

24
Q

Posterior Median Sulcus and Anterior Median Fissure

A

Posterior Median Sulcus: groove on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord

Anterior Median Fissure: groove on the ventral surface of the spinal cord

25
Q

Where do the Cervical Enlargement supply nerves to?

A

Gives rise to upper limbs

26
Q

Where do the Lumbosacral enlargement supply nerves to?

A

Gives rise to the pelvis and lower limbs

27
Q

Another name for a pair of spinal nerves

A

Spinal segment

28
Q

What is the tapering end of the spinal cord called?

A

Medullary cone

29
Q

What makes up a nerve?

A

Several axons wrapped by connective tissue

30
Q

What are the 3 components that make up a nerve?

A

From deep to superifical:
- Endoneurium: wraps one axon
- Perinerium: wraps a fascicle of axons
- Epineurium: wraps entire nerve

31
Q

What makes up a ganglion?

A

Cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS

32
Q

Where and What are the Proximal Branches in a spinal cord?

A

Proxminal branches are interior roots and are found in the dural sac

Dorsal Root:
Posterior branch of the spinal nerve with a dorsal root ganglion attached

Ventral Root:
Anterior branch of the spinal nerve

33
Q

Where and what are the Distal branches located in spinal cord?

A

Distal branches are found exterior of the spinal vertebrae

Posterior Ramuses branch out posteriorly of the vertebrae

Anterior Ramus are lateral to the spinal vertebrae

34
Q

What are Nerve Plexuses?

A

They receive fibers from anterior rami and give rise to lateral nerves

35
Q

Cervical Plexus

A

Found in neck

C1 to C5

36
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

Found in shoulders

Gives rise to all nerves that supply the upper limbs
(C5 to T1)

37
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A

In lower back

L1 to L4

38
Q

Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses

A

Below lumbar for Sacral Plexus

L4 to S4
contains both lumbar and sacral vertebrae

39
Q

Dermatome

A

Area of skin innervated by a particular nerve

40
Q

Dermatome Map

A

Diagram of areas of skin innverated by each spinal nerve

41
Q

What are properties of a reflex?

A
  • Requires a simulation
  • Quick
  • Involuntary
  • Sterotyped (very predictable movement)
42
Q

What do Visceral Reflexes control?

A
  • Control Glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle
  • Controlled by Autonomic Nervous system (VMD)
43
Q

What do Somatic Reflexes control?

A
  • Control Skeletal Muscles
  • Controlled by somatic nervous system
44
Q

Description of General Fibers

A

Innervate widespread organs such as muscles, skin, glands, viscera, and blood vessels

45
Q

Description of Special Fibers

A
46
Q

What are mixed nerves?

A

Nerves containing both afferent and efferent nerve fibers

Can conduct signals in two directions

Anatomy 32 (20 decks)

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