Axial Musculature System

Question 1

Connective Tissues of a Muscle

What are the 4 layers of CT from deep to superficial?

Answer 1

Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium
Fascia(e)

Question 2

Connective Tissues of a Muscle

Endomysium

Answer 2

thin layer of areolar CT that surrounds each individual muscle fiber

Question 3

Connective Tissues of a Muscle

Perimysium

Answer 3

wraps muscle fibers together in a bundle called fascicles

Question 4

Connective Tissues of a Muscle

Epimysium

Answer 4

Surrounds the entire muscle as a tendon, connects muscle to bone

Question 5

Connective Tissues of a Muscle

Fascia(e)

Answer 5

CT that separates neighboring muscles (wraps muscle group)

Question 6

Muscle Shapes

Fusiform Muscles

Answer 6

Think in the middle, tapered at ends
(Ex. biceps brachii)

Question 7

Muscle Shapes

Parallel Muscles

Answer 7

Uniform width, fascicles aligned
(ex. Rectus Abdominis)

Question 8

Muscle Shapes

Triangular Muscles

Answer 8

Broad at one end, narrow at the other
(ex. Pectoralis Major)

Question 9

Muscle Shapes

Unipennate Muscles

Answer 9

Muscles whose fibres attach to one side of the tendon
(Ex. Palmar Interosseous)

Question 10

Muscle Shapes

Bipennate Muscles

Answer 10

Feather shaped muscles
(ex. Rectus Femoris)

Question 11

Muscle Shapes

Multipennate Muscles

Answer 11

Central tendon branches into multiple rows of muscle fibers
(ex. Deltoid)

Question 12

Muscle Shapes

Circular Muscles

Answer 12

Form rings around body openings
(ex. Orbicularis Oculi)

Question 13

Intermuscular Septa

Answer 13

border that separates compartments spaces that are enclosed by fasciae

Question 14

What is found in each musclar compartment?

Answer 14

One or more functionally related muscles

Nerves and blood vessels

Question 15

Upper limbs muscle compartments

Answer 15

Anterior and posterior compartments

Question 16

Lower limbs muscle compartments

Answer 16

Anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral compartments

Question 17

Directly (fleshly) Attachment

Answer 17

Close muscle association to bone due to collagen fibers
(muscles seem to attach directly to bone)

Question 18

Indirect Attachment

Answer 18

Tendon attaches muscle to bone

Question 19

Aponeurosis

Answer 19

muscle is connected to bone using a broad sheet like tendon

Question 20

Intristic Muscles

Answer 20

Origin and insertion muscles contained within a certain region
(ex. muscles within hand or foot region)

Question 21

Extrinsic Muscles

Answer 21

Muscles that originate elsewhere but acts in another specific region
(ex. flexion of the digits require muscles in the forearm)

Question 22

Coordinated Groups of Muscles

Action

Answer 22

Effect produced by a muscle

Produce or prevent movement

Question 23

Coordinated Groups of Muscles

Prime Mover (agonist)

Answer 23

Muscles that produces main force of action
(ex. brachialis is the prime mover during elbow flexion)

Question 24

Coordinated Groups of Muscles

Synergist

Answer 24

Muscles that aids prime mover in any way
(ex. directly assisting or stabilizing joints for more coordinated movement)

Question 25

# Coordinated Groups of Muscles Antagonist

Answer 25

Muscle that opposes prime mover Anatagistic Pair: muscles that act on opposite sides of joints

Question 26

# Coordinated Groups of Muscles Fixator

Answer 26

Muscles that prevents bone movement during muscle actions (Ex. Arm abduction movement will abnormally pop scapula out laterally unless for fixators)

Question 27

Label the lever (wood), fulcum, effort, and resistance in regards to the body

Answer 27

Lever – bone. Fulcrum – joint. Effort – from muscle. Resistance (load) – object moved.

Question 28

What is the formula for Mechanical Advantage?

Answer 28

Length of effort arm/Length of Resistance Arm LoEA/LoRA

Question 29

What occurs when the Mechanical Advantage is both greater than or lesser than 1?

Answer 29

Greater than 1 MA = high power, low speed Lesser than 1 MA = low power, high speed

Question 30

Describe the First Class Lever

Answer 30

Effort Fulcrum Resistance (EFR) Fulcrum is in the middle Example is a seasaw or extending neck

Question 31

Describe the Second Class Lever

Answer 31

Effort Resistance Fulcrum (ERF) Resistance is in the middle Ex. Lifting a wheelbarrow

Question 32

Describe the Third Class Lever

Answer 32

Resistance Effort Fulcrum (REF) Effort in the middle Ex. flexing elbow (most common lever in the body)

Question 33

How are muscles named?

Answer 33

- Size - Shape - Location - # of heads - Direction of fibers - Action

Question 34

# Muscles of the Face Frontalis

Answer 34

Elevates eyebrows

Question 35

# Muscles of the Face Orbicularis Oculi

Answer 35

Closes eyes

Question 36

# Muscles of the Face Orbicularis Oris

Answer 36

Closes lips

Question 37

# Muscles of the Face Zygomatius Major/Minor

Answer 37

Raises the corner of mouth for smiling (smiling muscles)

Question 38

# Muscles of the Face Temporalis and Masseter

Answer 38

Elevate mandible and move it laterally

Question 39

# Neck Muscles Digastric

Answer 39

Depresses Mandible

Question 40

# Neck Muscles Sternohyoid

Answer 40

Depresses Hyoid

Question 41

# Neck Muscles Sternothyroid

Answer 41

Depresses larynx

Question 42

# Neck Muscles Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 42

Unilaterally active: Rotates head side to side Bilaterally active: Draws head foward

Question 43

# Neck Muscles Trapezius

Answer 43

Extends Neck

Question 44

Diaphragm

Answer 44

Prime mover of inspiration

Question 45

Rectus Abdominis

Answer 45

Flexes waist

Question 46

Transverse Abdominal

Answer 46

Compresses abdominal contents

Question 47

Erector Spinae

Answer 47

Straightens Spine