The Heart And Circulatory System Flashcards by Martha Claxton

Difference between veins & arteries

Veins take blood into the heart

Arteries take blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Purpose of circulatory system 3

Move material to and from cells
Help fight diseases
Help stabilise body temperature

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pulmonary circulation

Transports blood to and from the lungs to exchange O2 and co2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Systematic circulation

Transports blood to and from the heart to exchange O2 and co2 with body cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Effect of exercise on heart rate

muscles need more energy
rate of respiration increases
more oxygen and glucose needed
heart rate and force of beat increase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stroke volume

Volume of blood pumped per beat

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Effect of stress (anger, fear) on heart rate

Fight or flight response

Adrenalin makes heart beat faster

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Effects of adrenalin on heart rate

Adrenaline released from the adrenal glands stimulates the pacemaker to increase heart rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the main function of the placenta

To supply nutrients & oxygen to the foetus & remove waste products

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do leukocytes (white blood cells) do?

Defence against disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do phagocytes do

Engulf and digest microorganisms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do lymphocytes do

Produce antibodies to destroy microorganisms and memory lymphocytes to give us immunity to specific diseases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is sickle cell anaemia & what causes it

Lack of oxygen in blood caused by sickle cells

Abnormally shaped red blood cells cause haemoglobin to clump

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is iron deficiency & how does it happen

Lack of oxygen due to lack of iron - anaemia

Haemoglobin can’t function properly without enough iron

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Little or no clotting factors in blood

Haemophilia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Clotting factor

A protein that works with platelets to form blood clots

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do you treat haemophilia

Inject with clotting factors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is leukaemia and what causes it

Cancer of white blood cells

Proliferation of abnormal or non functioning white blood cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Leukaemia symptoms

Can get anaemia - like symptoms

Can’t fight off infections

Arteries adaption for function

Thick muscular walls to smooth out the pulses of blood flow from the heart

Capillaries adaption for function

Have walls that are very thin so that the blood can exchange dissolved food and gases easily with the cells by diffusion

Veins adaption for function

Large to carry blood under low pressure back to the heart

Arteries adaption for function

Thick muscular walls to smooth out the pulses of blood flow from the heart

Capillaries adaption for function

Have walls that are very thin so that the blood can exchange dissolved food and gases easily with the cells by diffusion

Veins adaption for function

Large to carry blood under low pressure back to the heart

Systole

When the heart contracts and forces the blood out around the body and to the lungs

Diastole

When the heart fills with blood

Coronary heart disease

The coronary arteries which supply food & oxygen to the heart itself become narrower or blocked

Why is it called double circulation

Because the blood is circulated round the lungs, returns to the heart and is then circulated round the body, so there are two separate circulation systems

Plasma

The yellow liquid which transports dissolved food molecules, carbon dioxide and urea as well as all the blood cells. It is mainly water

Platelets

Cell fragments which help clot the blood

Coronary heart disease 4

- blockage of coronary artery - blood supply to area of heart muscle cut off - less oxygen and glucose reaches heart muscle - area of heart muscle cannot respire - > heart attack (angina)

Why is it important to have blood that clots

Less blood loss | Less entry of microbes/pathogens/disease

Deoxygenated blood enters heart through

Vena cava

Takes deoxygenated blood to lungs

Pulmonary artery

Carries oxygenated blood to body

Aorta

Brings oxygenated blood from lungs

Pulmonary vein

Why is the muscular heart wall thicker on the left

Has to pump blood all around the body

Difference between veins and arteries

Arteries are red blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart Veins are blue blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart

Why do scientists obtain blood samples from a vein rather than from an artery 2

The blood in the vein is at a lower pressure | Veins closer to surface so easier to access

Why is double circulation more efficient

Heart pumps blood twice, so higher pressures can be maintained Blood travels more quickly to organs

Single circulation description and problem

Blood is pumped from heart to gas exchange organ then directly to rest of body Blood loses pressure as it passes thru gas exchange organ. It then travels relatively slowly to other organs

How does oxygen enter a red blood cell from the alveoli in the lungs

dissolves in the liquid lining the alveoli, then diffuses down a concentration gradient through walls of alveoli and capillaries into plasma and red blood cells

How does oxygen pass from a red blood cell to an actively restoring muscle cell

Dissolves in the plasma then diffuses down a concentration gradient through the walls of the capillaries into the muscle cells

Veins 3 features

Valves Thin walls with little muscle Large lumen