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Biology > The Heart And Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Heart And Circulatory System Flashcards

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0
Q

Difference between veins & arteries

A

Veins take blood into the heart

Arteries take blood away from the heart

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1
Q

Purpose of circulatory system 3

A

Move material to and from cells
Help fight diseases
Help stabilise body temperature

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2
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Transports blood to and from the lungs to exchange O2 and co2

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3
Q

Systematic circulation

A

Transports blood to and from the heart to exchange O2 and co2 with body cells

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4
Q

Effect of exercise on heart rate

A
  • muscles need more energy
  • rate of respiration increases
  • more oxygen and glucose needed
  • heart rate and force of beat increase
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5
Q

Stroke volume

A

Volume of blood pumped per beat

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6
Q

Effect of stress (anger, fear) on heart rate

A

Fight or flight response

Adrenalin makes heart beat faster

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7
Q

Effects of adrenalin on heart rate

A

Adrenaline released from the adrenal glands stimulates the pacemaker to increase heart rate

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8
Q

What is the main function of the placenta

A

To supply nutrients & oxygen to the foetus & remove waste products

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9
Q

What do leukocytes (white blood cells) do?

A

Defence against disease

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10
Q

What do phagocytes do

A

Engulf and digest microorganisms

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11
Q

What do lymphocytes do

A

Produce antibodies to destroy microorganisms and memory lymphocytes to give us immunity to specific diseases

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12
Q

What is sickle cell anaemia & what causes it

A

Lack of oxygen in blood caused by sickle cells

Abnormally shaped red blood cells cause haemoglobin to clump

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13
Q

What is iron deficiency & how does it happen

A

Lack of oxygen due to lack of iron - anaemia

Haemoglobin can’t function properly without enough iron

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14
Q

Little or no clotting factors in blood

A

Haemophilia

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15
Q

Clotting factor

A

A protein that works with platelets to form blood clots

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16
Q

How do you treat haemophilia

A

Inject with clotting factors

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17
Q

What is leukaemia and what causes it

A

Cancer of white blood cells

Proliferation of abnormal or non functioning white blood cells

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18
Q

Leukaemia symptoms

A

Can get anaemia - like symptoms

Can’t fight off infections

19
Q

Arteries adaption for function

A

Thick muscular walls to smooth out the pulses of blood flow from the heart

20
Q

Capillaries adaption for function

A

Have walls that are very thin so that the blood can exchange dissolved food and gases easily with the cells by diffusion

21
Q

Veins adaption for function

A

Large to carry blood under low pressure back to the heart

22
Q

Arteries adaption for function

A

Thick muscular walls to smooth out the pulses of blood flow from the heart

23
Q

Capillaries adaption for function

A

Have walls that are very thin so that the blood can exchange dissolved food and gases easily with the cells by diffusion

24
Q

Veins adaption for function

A

Large to carry blood under low pressure back to the heart

25
Q

Systole

A

When the heart contracts and forces the blood out around the body and to the lungs

26
Q

Diastole

A

When the heart fills with blood

27
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

The coronary arteries which supply food & oxygen to the heart itself become narrower or blocked

28
Q

Why is it called double circulation

A

Because the blood is circulated round the lungs, returns to the heart and is then circulated round the body, so there are two separate circulation systems

29
Q

Plasma

A

The yellow liquid which transports dissolved food molecules, carbon dioxide and urea as well as all the blood cells. It is mainly water

30
Q

Platelets

A

Cell fragments which help clot the blood

31
Q

Coronary heart disease 4

A
  • blockage of coronary artery
  • blood supply to area of heart muscle cut off
  • less oxygen and glucose reaches heart muscle
  • area of heart muscle cannot respire
  • > heart attack (angina)
32
Q

Why is it important to have blood that clots

A

Less blood loss

Less entry of microbes/pathogens/disease

33
Q

Deoxygenated blood enters heart through

A

Vena cava

34
Q

Takes deoxygenated blood to lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

35
Q

Carries oxygenated blood to body

A

Aorta

36
Q

Brings oxygenated blood from lungs

A

Pulmonary vein

37
Q

Why is the muscular heart wall thicker on the left

A

Has to pump blood all around the body

38
Q

Difference between veins and arteries

A

Arteries are red blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Veins are blue blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart

39
Q

Why do scientists obtain blood samples from a vein rather than from an artery 2

A

The blood in the vein is at a lower pressure

Veins closer to surface so easier to access

40
Q

Why is double circulation more efficient

A

Heart pumps blood twice, so higher pressures can be maintained
Blood travels more quickly to organs

41
Q

Single circulation description and problem

A

Blood is pumped from heart to gas exchange organ then directly to rest of body
Blood loses pressure as it passes thru gas exchange organ. It then travels relatively slowly to other organs

42
Q

How does oxygen enter a red blood cell from the alveoli in the lungs

A

dissolves in the liquid lining the alveoli, then diffuses down a concentration gradient through walls of alveoli and capillaries into plasma and red blood cells

43
Q

How does oxygen pass from a red blood cell to an actively restoring muscle cell

A

Dissolves in the plasma then diffuses down a concentration gradient through the walls of the capillaries into the muscle cells

44
Q

Veins 3 features

A

Valves
Thin walls with little muscle
Large lumen

Biology (31 decks)

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