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Biology > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Base

A

Chemical compounds made of nitrogen and other elements which make up the genetic code

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1
Q

Amino acids

A

What proteins are made up of

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2
Q

Chromosomes

A

Thread like structures in the nucleus made up of DNA

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3
Q

Chromatid

A

One of two identical chromosomal strands in a duplicated chromosome

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4
Q

Centromere

A

Holds chromatids together in a duplicated chromosome

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5
Q

Characteristics

A

Affected by proteins eg eye colour, hair colour, IQ, weight, height etc

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6
Q

Clones

A

Genetically identical cells or organisms

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7
Q

DNA

A

A large molecule that makes up chromosomes and contains genetic information (genes)
Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid

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8
Q

Double helix

A

The structure of DNA; like a twisted ladder

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9
Q

Diploid cells

A

Cells with chromosomes in pairs

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10
Q

Endocrine system

A

System of glands that produce hormones

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11
Q

Endometrium

A

Uterus lining, thick tissue with lots of blood vessels , provides nutrients and oxygen for implanted embryo

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12
Q

Fertilisation

A

Fusion of male and female gametes

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13
Q

Gene

A

A sequence/section of DNA, responsible for characteristics

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14
Q

Genetic code

A

The rules by which the information encoded in the DNA sequence is translated into the amino acid sequence

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15
Q

Germination

A

Development of a plant from a dormant seed

16
Q

Gland

A

An organ which produces a chemical

17
Q

Genetic engineering

A

The process of changing the DNA in an organism (eg by adding genes from another organism)

18
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical ‘messengers’ that travel in the blood to activate target cells

19
Q

Haploid cell

A

Has only half the number of chromosomes of other body cells of that species

20
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone, controls blood sugar levels

21
Q

Mitosis

A

A type of nuclear division

22
Q

Nucleus

A

Store of genetic information & controls cell activities

23
Q

Nucleotide

A

Unit of DNA made up of a phosphate, a sugar and a base

24
Q

Negative feedback

A

When an effect is counteracted (stopped) by its own influence

25
Q

Pharming

A

Genetically modifying a mammal to produce human proteins in its milk

26
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

Artificially engineered DNA

27
Q

Target cell

A

A cell which responds to a hormone

28
Q

Zygote

A

A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilised ovum

29
Q

Endocrine system

A

A system of glands that produce hormones

30
Q

Gland

A

An organ which produces a chemical

31
Q

Hyphae

A

Fine, threadlike filaments forming the feeding network of cells of a fungus

Biology (31 decks)

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