Immunity And Vaccination

Question 0

Antibody

Answer 0

A protein which can bind to an antigen on a microbe and trigger its destruction

Question 1

How does blood clotting work

Answer 1

When a blood vessel is cut or broken, platelets stick together and activate the formation of a mesh made of fibrin. More platelets and also red blood cells are trapped in this mesh. This leads to the formation of a scab which deals the cut

Question 2

Antigen

Answer 2

Any substance that can stimulate the production of antibodies

Question 3

3 things antibodies can do

Answer 3

• cause pathogens to stick together, so that phagocytes can ingest them more easily
• act as a ‘label’ on the pathogen for the phagocyte
• can neutralise the pathogen

Question 4

Toxin

Answer 4

A substance produced by bacteria which can harm cellular function

Question 5

Natural active immunity

Answer 5

• exposure to antigen

- antibodies and memory cells made

Question 6

Natural passive immunity

Answer 6

Antibodies received from mother’s milk

Question 7

Acquired active immunity

Answer 7

• antigen injected

- antibodies and memory cells made

Question 8

Acquired passive immunity

Answer 8

• antibodies received in injection

- no memory cells made

Question 9

What can vaccines be made of

Answer 9

• live, but less infectious organism
• dead organism or parts of it
• modified toxins of the pathogen

Question 10

What do all vaccines contain

Answer 10

Antigens that trigger immune response

Question 11

3 things white blood cells can do

Answer 11

1) ingest pathogens and destroy them
2) produce antibodies to destroy pathogens
3) produce antitoxins that neutralise the toxins released by pathogens