Plant reproduction

Question 0

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 0

• produces variety

- has survival value in a changing environment

Question 1

Sexual organs of a flowering plant

Answer 1

Its flowers, which produce pollen and ovules containing the flower’s gametes

Question 2

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 2

• no partner needed
• faster
• requires less energy
• has survival value in a stable environment

Question 3

Most methods of asexual reproduction in plants involve

Answer 3

Some part of the plant growing, then breaking away from the parent plant before growing into a new plant

Question 4

Natural methods of plants reproducing asexually

Answer 4

Runners, bulbs, rhizomes and tubers

Question 5

Artificial methods of asexual reproduction in plants

Answer 5

Cuttings, micropropagation

Question 6

Sex cells in plants

Answer 6

In flowers, specialised haploid sex cells.
Male sex cells: the pollen grains
Female sex cells: ova

Question 7

Why clone plants? (6)

Answer 7

• to produce genetically identical copies of a plant with favoured characteristics
• to quickly produce many mature plants
• to produce plants in the absence of pollinators
• to preserve rare or endangered plants
• to make copies of plants that have been genetically modified
• to produce plants that do not grow easily from seeds (eg orchids)

Question 8

How do tubers work in a potato plant?

Answer 8

Potato tubers form underground at the ends of branches from the main stem. Each potato can produce several new plants from the ‘eyes’ which are bulbs.

Question 9

How do runners work?

Answer 9

A new plant is produced where the runner touches the ground

Question 10

Bulbs

Answer 10

• the bases of leaves which have become swollen with food
• buds in them can develop into new plants
• plants can form more than one bulb

Question 11

Pollination

Answer 11

The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

Question 12

Self pollination

Answer 12

Transfer of pollen from the anther of a plant to the stigma of the same plant

Question 13

Cross pollination

Answer 13

Transfer of pollen from flower onto flower on different plant

Question 14

The fusion of male and female gametes

Answer 14

Fertilisation

Question 15

Petal function

Answer 15

Large and colourful to attract pollinators

Question 16

Anther function

Answer 16

Contains pollen grains

Question 17

Ovule function

Answer 17

Will become seeds when they are fertilised

Question 18

Filaments function

Answer 18

Hold the anthers in place

Question 19

Ovary function

Answer 19

Where the ovules are

Question 20

Receptacle function

Answer 20

Hold the main parts of the flower in place

Question 21

Stigma function

Answer 21

A sticky surface for the pollen to land on

Question 22

Sepal function

Answer 22

Protect the flower when it is in bud

Question 23

Style function

Answer 23

Provides a path for the pollen from the stigma to the ovary

Question 24

What is the job of the seed?

Answer 24

Food store for the plant embryo (to be used in germination)

Question 25

What is the point of the fruit?

Answer 25

Seed dispersal (fruit gets eaten by animals)

Question 26

4 ways seeds are dispersed

Answer 26

Animals
Wind
Water
Plant itself

Question 27

Why do seeds needs to be dispersed?

Answer 27

So new plants have enough space, light and water

Question 28

What makes up the stamen (male organs)

Answer 28

Anther

Filament

Question 29

What makes up the carpel (female organs)

Answer 29

Stigma
Style
Ovary

Question 30

Pollen grains difference in insect and wind pollinated flowers

Answer 30

Insect pollinated: pollen grains are large and sticky to stick to insects
Wind pollinated: pollen grains are small, smooth and light to carry in the wind

Question 31

Position and type of stigma in wind pollinated flower

Answer 31

Outside petals
Feathery and sticky
Both help it catch pollen blowing in the wind

Question 32

What happens to the ovary wall after fertilisation

Answer 32

Develops into a fleshy fruit (or hard covering in nuts) which surrounds the seed

Question 33

Why is warmth needed for seed germination

Answer 33

For maximum enzyme efficiency

Question 34

Why is water needed for seed germination

Answer 34

Rehydrates seed

Softens testa & for chemical reactions to take place in solution