Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Cells And Transport > Flashcards

Cells And Transport Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Function of cytoplasm

A

Liquid gel in which most of the chemical reactions take place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Function of nucleus

A

Control centre of cell, contains genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cell membrane function

A

Semi-permeable controls movement of material in and out of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell wall function

A

Support & protection of plant cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mitochondria function

A

‘Powerhouse’ of the cell (produces ATP by respiration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ribosomes function

A

Production of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Chloroplasts function

A

Uses energy to make food by photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vacuole function

A

A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap that helps to keep the cell rigid
Stores food, water & waste in plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lysosomes function

A

Special type of vacuole that breaks down old cell parts and large molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ER function

A

Transport of chemicals and proteins within cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Golgi function

A

Modifies proteins to make them functional

Transports proteins within cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cytoskeleton function

A

Support structure within cells (skeleton)

Made of proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Organ

A

Collection of tissues that perform a specific function within an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Organism

A

A living being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Organelle

A

A functional structure within a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Organ systems

A

Collection of organs that perform a specific function within an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tissue

A

Collection of connected cells that perform a similar function within an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cell

A

The structural unit of an organism may exist as independent life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nerve cell function

A

Transmits nervous stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nerve cell adaption 3

A
  • synapses & neurotransmitters
  • can be very long
  • myelin sheath (insulation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ciliated cell function

A

Clear airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ciliated cell adaption

A

Cilia that beat back & forward to move material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sperm function

A

Fertilisation of egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sperm adaption 4

A
  • small with tail for movement
  • lots of mitochondria
  • acrosome with special enzymes to digest egg membrane
  • genetic information (23 chromosomes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Egg function

A

Fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Egg adaption 3

A
  • large and bulky
  • contains yolk (food storage) for developing embryo
  • genetic information (23 chromosomes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Red blood cell function

A

Transport oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Red blood cell adaption 2

A
  • contains haemoglobin which binds oxygen

- no nucleus (more space for haemoglobin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

White blood cell function

A

Destroys pathogens

29
Q

White blood cell adaption 2

A
  • some produce antioxidants

- some have flexible cytoskeletons so that they can change shape quickly to engulf bacteria

30
Q

Muscle cell function

A

Contraction

31
Q

Muscle cell adaption 2

A
  • long & flexible

- lots of mitochondria

32
Q

Fat cell function

A

Store fat (source of energy)

33
Q

Fat cell adaption 3

A
  • little cytoplasm: lots of fat storage space
  • few mitochondria
  • can expand (up to 1000x)
34
Q

Rods & cones function

A

Photoreception

Vision

35
Q

Rods & cones adaptions 3

A
  • contains visual pigment that detects light
  • many mitochondria
  • synapse that transmits signals into optic nerve
36
Q

Skin cell function

A

Protection & heat regulation

37
Q

Skin cell adaption 2

A
  • pigments to absorb UV

- hair for insulation

38
Q

Palisade cell function

A

Photosynthesis

39
Q

Palisade cell adaption 3

A

Lots of chloroplasts
Tightly packed
elongated

40
Q

Root hair cell function

A

Uptake of water and minerals

41
Q

Root hair cell adaption 3

A
  • have root hairs ( increases surface area)
  • large permanent vacuole
  • close to xylem (water transport)
42
Q

Guard cell function

A

Control opening of stomata

43
Q

Guard cell adaptions 2

A
  • take up & release water by osmosis to open & close stomata
  • thickened cell wall
44
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of gases or dissolved molecules from an area with a high concentration to an area with a low concentration
=the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient

45
Q

How does concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion

A

The steeper the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion

46
Q

How does diffusion distance affect the rate of diffusion

A

The shorter the diffusion distance, the faster the rate of diffusion

47
Q

How does surface area affect the rate of diffusion

A

The greater the surface area, the faster the rate of diffusion

48
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion

A

The higher the temperature, the greater the rate of diffusion

49
Q

How does size affect the rate of diffusion

A

The bigger something is, the longer it takes for something to diffuse to the centre

50
Q

When is a large SA/V ratio good 3

A
  • Organisms in hot climates need a large SA/V ratio so they lose heat quicker
  • take up useful molecules
  • get rid of waste products

W

51
Q

When is a small SA/V ratio good

A

Organisms in cold climates need a small SA/V ratio so they can retain heat

52
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

53
Q

Isotonic

A

Isotonic solutions have equal osmatic pressure

54
Q

Hypotonic

A

Having a lesser osmatic pressure in a fluid compared to another fluid eg. Hypotonic solution

55
Q

Hypertonic

A

Having a higher osmatic pressure in a fluid compared to another fluid

56
Q

The carbohydrate stored in animal cells

A

Glycogen

57
Q

What happens to animal cells inside a solution with very high sugar concentration

A

Water passes out of the cell by osmosis and cell shrinks and becomes flaccid

58
Q

What happens to animal cells inside a solution with a very low sugar concentration?

A

Water diffuses into the cell making it swell up

Possible for cell to burst

59
Q

How does water move into and out of living cells

A

By osmosis

60
Q

What happens to plant cells inside a solution with a very high sugar concentration 1 word answer

A

Cell becomes plasmolysed

61
Q

Plant cells inside a solution with a very low sugar concentration 1 word answer

A

Cell becomes turgid

62
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

The movement of a molecule from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration, with the help of a protein channel or carrier

63
Q

Passive transport

A

The movement of molecules through cell membranes without the use of energy by the cell
(Eg diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)

64
Q

Active transport across membranes

A

The movement of water molecules through cell membranes AGAINST a concentration gradient at the cost of energy and with the help of a carrier protein

65
Q

Where does the energy for active transport come from

A

From respiration and is stored in the form ATP

66
Q

How and why would a plant root cell be different from a plant leaf cell?

A

The plant root cell would not contain any chloroplasts because the roots are underground, don’t get any light & don’t carry out photosynthesis, so they don’t need chlorophyll

67
Q

What is meant by the net movement of particles?

A

Movement of particles in - movement of particles out

68
Q

What factors most affect the rate of diffusion in a liquid or a gas?

A

Temperature, concentration, available surface area

69
Q

How can the number of mitochondria in a cell help you decide its function?

A

The number of mitochondria in a cell reflects the amount if energy needed by the cell, so a cell with many mitochondria will tend to be a very active cell, either dividing, contracting, or producing chemicals such as hormones or enzymes

70
Q

Difference between animal and plant cells carbohydrate storage

A

Animals store carbohydrate as glycogen

Plants store carbohydrate as starch or sucrose

71
Q

Suggest how the active transport of glucose out of the cell and into the blood stream helps with the absorption of glucose from the small intestine

A

As the glucose moves out of the cell, the concentration inside the cell decreases and increases the concentration gradient for diffusion of glucose into the cell

Biology (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions