Respiratory System

Question 0

Why do you feel hotter when you exercise

Answer 0

• not all the energy released in respiration is converted to kinetic energy or muscle movement
• some of energy being produced is transferred into heat energy

Question 1

Aerobic respiration word equation

Answer 1

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water(+energy)

Question 2

Word equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

Glucose -> lactic acid

Question 3

Oxygen debt

Answer 3

The additional oxygen that must be taken into the body after vigorous exercise for the body to ‘respire’ the lactic acid made in anaerobic respiration

Question 4

Function of the respiratory system

Answer 4

Supply the blood with oxygen

Question 5

Ventilation

Answer 5

Breathing in & breathing out

Question 6

Tidal volume

Answer 6

Volume of air breathed in & out in a breath

Question 7

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 7

Additional volume of air taken in with the deepest breath possible

Question 8

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 8

Additional volume of air that can be breathed out if we force it out

Question 9

Residual volume

Answer 9

Air remaining in lungs after a maximum exhalation

Question 10

Vital capacity

Answer 10

The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled in one breath

Question 11

To calculate vital capacity

Answer 11

Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + Expiratory reserve volume

Question 12

Why does the gas exchange/respiratory system take air in and out of the body

Answer 12

To supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Question 13

Where does gas exchange take place

Answer 13

Lungs

Question 14

How are alveoli adapted for efficient gas exchange 3

Answer 14

• large surface area
• a rich blood supply, which removes oxygen from and delivers carbon dioxide to the air in the alveoli, maintaining a steep diffusion gradient between the alveoli and the blood
• short diffusion distances between the air and the blood

Question 15

What pulls ribs down and in when you breathe out

Answer 15

Internal intercostal muscles

Question 16

What pulls ribs up and out when you breathe in

Answer 16

External intercostal muscles

Question 17

What carries air to the lungs

Answer 17

Bronchioles

Question 18

What makes nicotine addictive

Answer 18

Stimulates neurotransmitters in brain leading to more brain activity

Question 19

How does nicotine lead to strokes and heart attacks 3

Answer 19

• constricts arteries reducing blood flow
• fat deposited in blood vessels
• increased blood pressure

Question 20

Where in the lungs does oxygen enter the blood

Answer 20

Alveolus

Question 21

Trachea

Answer 21

Tube with incomplete rings of cartilage carries air to lungs; lined with cells making mucus, and cells with cilia which nobs the mucus away from the lungs

Question 22

Bronchioles

Answer 22

Carry air to lungs

Question 23

Diaphragm

Answer 23

Sheet of muscle with a fibrous middle part which is domed; it helps make breathing movements and separates the thorax from the abdomen

Question 24

Pleural membranes

Answer 24

Thin moist membranes forming an airtight seal around lungs & separating inside of thorax from lungs

Question 25

Pleural fluid

Answer 25

Liquid filling pleural cavity and acting as lubrication, so surfaces of lungs do not stick to inside of chest wall

Question 26

Exception to rule of arteries carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart

Answer 26

Pulmonary artery in the heart carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 27

Exception to rule of veins carrying deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the tissues

Answer 27

Pulmonary vein in the heart carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Question 28

Lactic acid + oxygen

Answer 28

Carbon dioxide + water

Question 29

Increase in ventilation rate and increase in tidal volume

Answer 29

Effects of exercise on ventilation

Question 30

Binds irreversibly to haemoglobin and leads to dizziness, tiredness and an increased heart rate

Answer 30

Carbon monoxide