Kidneys

Question 0

Sphincter muscle function

Answer 0

Keeps bladder closed

Question 1

Vena cava function

Answer 1

Main vein returning blood to the heart

Question 2

Ureters function

Answer 2

Carry urine to the bladder

Question 3

Bladder

Answer 3

Muscular sac that stores urine

Question 4

Urethra function

Answer 4

Carries urine out of the body

Question 5

What takes ‘cleaned’ blood away from the kidneys

Answer 5

Renal vein

Question 6

Renal artery function

Answer 6

Brings blood containing ‘waste’ to the kidneys

Question 7

Main artery supplying oxygenated blood to the body

Answer 7

Aorta

Question 8

Lighter middle layer of kidney

Answer 8

Medulla

Question 9

Darker outer layer of kidney

Answer 9

Cortex

Question 10

Nephron function

Answer 10

Filtration unit (where urine is produced)

Question 11

Central cavity which collects urine

Answer 11

Pelvis

Question 12

Main function of kidneys

Answer 12

To get rid of waste such as urea, extra salts/mineral ions and extra water

Question 13

Effect of eating salt on urine composition (3 steps, simple)

Answer 13

Blood solute concentration increases
Urine volume decreases
Water kept in blood

Question 14

What happens in ultrafiltration?

Answer 14

Small molecules are filtered out of the blood

Large molecules stay in the blood

Question 15

What features make ultrafiltration work?

Answer 15

• high pressure of blood

- gaps in the walls of the glomerulus & bowman’s capsule

Question 16

What happens in selective

Reabsorption? 3

Answer 16

Useful molecules are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream by active transport
Some water moves back into the blood by osmosis
Urea stays in the filtrate

Question 17

Summary what happens when low water (high solute) concentration in blood 4

Answer 17

1) ADH secreted
2) collecting ducts become more permeable to water
3) more water is reabsorbed into bloodstream
4) less urine is produced

Question 18

Summary what happens when high water (low solute) concentration in blood 4

Answer 18

1) no ADH secreted
2) collecting ducts become less permeable to water
3) less water is reabsorbed into bloodstream
4) more urine is produced

Question 19

How comes the blood entering the kidney is at high pressure?

Answer 19

The renal artery which supplies the blood to the kidneys leads straight from the body’s main artery, the aorta

Question 20

Main nitrogenous excretory substance in humans

Answer 20

Urea

Question 21

When is waste urea produced?

Answer 21

When amino acids are broken down in your liver

Question 22

What happens to amino acids in the digestive system

Answer 22

They are taken up into the bloodstream (in the ileum) & then transported to cells that need them to build new proteins

Question 23

Toxic waste product of metabolic reaction

Answer 23

Ammonia

Question 24

Dialysis

Answer 24

Artificial removal of waste products from the blood when the kidneys fail

Question 25

Glomerulus

Answer 25

Network of capillaries inside the bowman’s capsule

Question 26

Immunosuppressive drug

Answer 26

Medication taken to lower immune response

Question 27

Kidney failure

Answer 27

Inability of the kidneys to excrete waste and function properly

Question 28

Operation in which a kidney is moved from a donor to a recipient

Answer 28

Kidney transplant

Question 29

Organ which converts ammonia into urine

Answer 29

Liver

Question 30

Organ rejection

Answer 30

When the immune system attacks eg a donor kidney

Question 31

Place in kidneys where selective reabsorption takes place

Answer 31

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 32

Describes the antigens present in the surface of eg a donor organ

Answer 32

Tissue type

Question 33

Define Ultrafiltration

Answer 33

Where the filter (basement membrane) separates different sized molecules under pressure