Enzymes & Digestion

Question 0

Teeth function

Answer 0

Mechanical breakdown of food in mouth

Question 1

Oesophagus function

Answer 1

Transport of food to stomach by peristalsis

Question 2

Ileum function

Answer 2

Final digestion + main absorption of nutrients

Question 3

Anus function

Answer 3

Defecation

Question 4

Gall bladder function

Answer 4

Site of bike salt storage

Question 5

Stomach function

Answer 5

Storage and digestion of food

Question 6

Tongue and salivary glands function

Answer 6

Mixes food with saliva

Question 7

Pancreas function

Answer 7

Secretes insulin, glucagon and digestive enzymes

Question 8

Duodenum function

Answer 8

Further digestion & some absorption of nutrients

Question 9

Function of liver

Answer 9

Site of bile salt production

Question 10

Colon function

Answer 10

Absorption of water, salts & vitamins

Question 11

Peristalsis

Answer 11

Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Question 12

Role of bile in digestion 2

Answer 12

Neutralises the pH of food that had exited stomach

Emulsified fat into small fat droplets and so helps lipase action

Question 13

What are enzymes?

Answer 13

Proteins that catalyse (speed up) biochemical reactions

Biological catalysts

Question 14

What factors affect enzyme activity

Answer 14

Temperature
pH
Enzyme concentration
Substrate concentration

Question 15

What does amylase do in the mouth?

Answer 15

Breaks down starch into maltose

Question 16

Where is amylase made

Answer 16

In the salivary glands

Question 17

What is the pH of the stomach?

Answer 17

pH 2-3

Question 18

What does pepsin do in the the stomach

Answer 18

Breaks down protein into peptides & amino acids

Question 19

Where is pepsin made?

Answer 19

In the stomach

Question 20

What enzymes are made in the pancreas?

Answer 20

Amylase
Trypsin
Lipase

Question 21

What happens to starch in the duodenum

Answer 21

It is broken down into maltose by amylase, which is then broken down into glucose by maltase

Question 22

What enzymes are made in the wall of the duodenum?

Answer 22

Maltase(carbohydrase) & peptidase(protease)

Question 23

What happens to protein in the duodenum

Answer 23

It is broken down into peptides by trypsin which are then broken down into amino acids by peptidase

Question 24

What happens to lipids in the duodenum

Answer 24

They are broken down into glycerol & fatty acids by lipase & bile

Question 25

Where is protease used in industry & what does it do

Answer 25

Baby food | Used to pre-digest food before baby eats it

Question 26

Where are lipase & protease used in industry & what do they do

Answer 26

In washing powder | Digestion of food -> removal of food stains

Question 27

Where is cellulase used in industry & what does it do

Answer 27

Fabric softener | Breaks down cellulose in fibres -> soften

Question 28

Where is lactase used in industry & what does it do

Answer 28

Lactose free milk

Question 29

Where is papain (protease) used in industry & what does it do

Answer 29

Tenderising meat | Breaks down tough meat fibres

Question 30

Where is invertase used in industry & what does it do

Answer 30

In chocolate | Converts disaccharide into monosaccharide

Question 31

Where is isomerase used in industry & what does it do

Answer 31

Sweetener | Converts glucose into different sugar

Question 32

Advantages of using enzymes in industry

Answer 32

Lowers activation energy needed -> don't need such high temperatures/pressures Can use them again

Question 33

Disadvantages of using enzymes in industry

Answer 33

If got temperature or pH wrong would denature enzyme

Question 34

Why is water important in the body 3

Answer 34

- solvent - breaking up large molecules by hydrolysis - carrying substances around the body

Question 35

Why is fibre important in the body 2

Answer 35

- bulk to give muscles of gut something to work on | - absorbs lots of water

Question 36

Digestive system function

Answer 36

Breaks down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules that can be absorbed

Question 37

Role of vitamin a in the body

Answer 37

Makes chemicals in retina, protects surface of eye and connective tissue in

Question 38

Role of vitamin b in the body

Answer 38

Sticks together cells lining surfaces in the body eg mouth

Question 39

Role of vitamin d in the body

Answer 39

Helps bones absorb calcium and phosphorus

Question 40

Role of calcium in the body

Answer 40

Makes bones and teeth

Question 41

Role of iron in the body

Answer 41

Makes haemoglobin in red blood cells to carry oxygen

Question 42

Sources of vitamin a 3

Answer 42

Liver Butter Carrots

Question 43

What is the alimentary canal

Answer 43

A muscular tube that runs from your mouth to your anus

Question 44

Denatured

Answer 44

When the shape of the active site is permanently changed