The Heart and Blood Vessels Flashcards
What is the circulatory system also called
Cardiovascular system or vascular system
What is the circulatory system
Things in the body that circulate blood around the body by relaxing and contracting
What are the two functions of the circulatory system
Transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hormones, waste products, blood cells to and from the cells
Removes waste products
What does the circulatory system consist of
Heart
Blood
Blood vessels
What does the heart pump around the body
Blood by contracting and relaxing
What is a double circulatory system
The heart will pump around the body and send to the lungs to be oxygenated and then around the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Why is a double circulatory system beneficial
More efficient
Oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood can be transported separately
Quicker
What is the pulmonary (lungs) circuit
Carries blood to the lungs to be oxygenated and back to the heart
What is the systematic circuit
Carries blood around the body to deliver oxygen
returns deoxygenated blood to the heart
Gets rid of oxygen when moves so body can use it for something else
What is blood vessels
Blood is pumped around the heart and body via a network of vessels
What are the three blood vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
What are arteries
Carry oxygenated blood at high pressures from the heart to the body
Thick elastic tissue walls
What are veins
Carry deoxygenated blood at low pressure from the body to the heart
Valves which stop back flow
What are capillaries
Allow exchange of compounds such as nutrients, glucose, oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and tissue
Thin walls
What are the chambers called in heart for mammals and birds
Left atrium
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Why is having four chambered hearts beneficial
Efficient
Does not allow oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix
What is the aorta
Largest artery
Thick and elastic to withstand high pressure due to it carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart
What is the vena cava
Transports deoxygenated blood from the heart
Made up of two sections known as the superior and inferior
Not as thick
What do both atria and ventricles have
Muscular walls to help them pump blood
What is a difference between ventricles and atria
Ventricles have thicker muscular walls as blood is forced out of the heart at high pressure around the body
Where does the left side pump blood to
Around the body
Oxygenated
Where does the right side pump blood to
Lungs
Deoxygenated
Blood flow
What does the aorta and vena cava do
Returning
Coming from the body
Blood flow
What does pulmonary do
To and from the lungs
