Respiratory System Flashcards
What does the respiratory system allow
Air to pass in and out of an animals body for efficient gas exchange to happen
In mammals what happens to diaphragm and intercostal muscles when inhale and exhale
Contract when inhale
Relax when exhale
In mammals, what happens to the thorax volume
Inhale- increases
Exhale- decreases
In mammals what happens to pressure
Inhale- decreases
Exhale- increases
In mammals, what happens to air flow
Inhale- in
Exhale- out
What do mammals have
Lungs
Diaphragm
Alveoli
What do birds have
Nine air sacs
Lungs
No diaphragm or alveoli
Syrinx- extra part of voice box
What are the nine air sacs in birds
Blue- cervical x2
Green- clavical x1
Red- cranial thoracic x2
Pink- caudal thoracic x2
Brown- abdominal x2
What is the passage of air for birds
Inhalation- air passes through the larynx, trachea and in to the posterior air sacs
Exhalation- air moves from the posterior air sacs to the lungs via the ventrobronchi and dorsalbronchi
Inhalation- air moves from lungs to cranial air sacs
Exhalation- air moves from the cranial air sacs through the syrinx and the trachea and out of the nares
In birds, what is the nares
Avian equivalent of nostrils
In birds what is larynx
Not used for vocalisation
In birds what is the syrinx
Vocalisation
In birds what are the nine air sacs used for
Extend into some bones
In birds if there is no diaphragm what is used to move air through air sacs
Pressure changes
In birds what is used instead of alveoli
Air capillaries for gas exchange
What did birds need two of to move air through entire respiratory system
Respiratory cycles whereas mammals need one
What plays an important role in ventilation for mammals
Ribs
Intercostal muscles
Diaphragm
Mammals
What is the larynx
Top of trachea
Origin of vocalisation
Mammals
What is the pharynx
Area at back of throat
Mammals
What is alveoli
Tiny pockets in lungs
Rich blood supply
Gas exchange occurs
Mammals
What is the lungs
Main respiratory organ in vertebrates
Mammals
What is the bronchioles
Smaller airways connecting the bronchi to the alveoli
Mammals
What is the bronchi
Main airways leading to lungs
One for each lung
Mammals
What is trachea
Tube connecting the pharynx and larynx to the lungs
Maintained by rings of cartilage
