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Biology > Embryo Development > Flashcards

Embryo Development Flashcards

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1
Q

What is incubation

A

Period in which the embryo is developed inside the egg until it hatches

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2
Q

How long does a chicken usually lay an egg

A

Every 24 hours

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3
Q

What may incubating and moulting cause

A

No eggs to be laid

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4
Q

How many eggs can a chicken lay per year

A

200-300

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5
Q

How long is the incubation period for pheasants

A

23-24 days

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6
Q

How long is the incubation period for ducks

A

28 days

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7
Q

How long is the incubation period for chickens

A

21 days

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8
Q

How long is the incubation period for barn owls

A

31 days

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9
Q

What does egg candling allow breeders to view

A

Embryo development

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10
Q

What can egg production be affected by

A

Photoperiods
Diet
Food availability
Health
Temperature
Moulting

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11
Q

What is photoperiod

A

Availability of light

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12
Q

What happens during photoperiods

A

Egg production is stimulated by light
Egg production will decrease when daylight hours are shorter
Egg production may stop in winter

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13
Q

What may breeders use to trick birds into producing eggs

A

Artificial light

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14
Q

Why do commercial chicken egg production systems use artificial light

A

Ensure chickens produce eggs all year round

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15
Q

What can some birds be tricked into

A

Producing a second clutch of eggs

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16
Q

When is the breeding season for pheasants

A

Over two to three week period between April and June

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17
Q

When is the breeding season for chickens

A

Produce fertilised eggs all year round
Less productive in winter months

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18
Q

When are eggs laid for ducks

A

Between mid March and end of July

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19
Q

When are eggs laid for owls

A

Between March and August

20
Q

When is egg laying optimal in chickens

A

Between 11-26 degrees

21
Q

What can higher or lower temperatures can reduce

A

Quality and rate of production of eggs

22
Q

What can stop egg production

A

Food availability
Diet
Health

23
Q

What are six other factors that can affect egg production

A

Breed
Housing
Husbundry
Age
Moulting
Weather

24
Q

Commercial incubation
What is the temperature maintained at

A

37-39 degrees

25
Q

Commercial incubation
What is the humidity level at

A

60% for first 18 days
70% for last 3 days

26
Q

Commercial incubation
Why is ventilation important

A

For oxygen to enter the shell
Increases gradually as the embryo begins to hatch

27
Q

Commercial incubation
What is egg turning

A

Stops the developing embryo from sticking to the shell at least three times a day

28
Q

EXAM QUESTION
How long is the incubation period of a chicken

A

21 days

29
Q

EXAM QUESTION
Identify four factors that can influence egg production in chickens

A

Temperature
Diet
Health
Moulting

30
Q

EXAM QUESTION
Explain the importance of turning the eggs in commercial production

A

It stops the developing embryo from sticking to the shell
This is normally done at least three times a day

31
Q

EXAM QUESTION
How many eggs can a chicken lay in a year

A

200-300

32
Q

EXAM QUESTION
What is the photoperiod

A

Availability of light
Egg production stimulated by light
Egg production decreases when there is no light
Egg production may stop in the winter

33
Q

Food availability, diet and health- what can poor nutrition and illness cause

A

Cease in egg production

34
Q

What can underheating and overheating lead to

A

Abnormal embryos

35
Q

Relative humidity levels, why does it have to be kept at 60 and 70%

A

Stop the egg from drying out

36
Q

Why is ventilation important

A

Increase gradually as the embryo begins to hatch

37
Q

Advaidable of food

A

No appropriate diet or nutrients cease eggs

38
Q

What is the shell

A

Calcium carbonate

Protects developing embryo physically and from toxins

Semi permeable for gas exchange

39
Q

What is outer and inner shell
Membranes

A

Between egg shell and white

40
Q

What is chalazae

A

Strands that holds yolk

Singular is chalaza

41
Q

What is air cell

A

At larger end

Between outer and inner

42
Q

What is yolk

A

Nutrition

Analogous to placenta

43
Q

What is albumen

A

Egg white

Cushions embryo

44
Q

What is extra embryonic membranes

A

Protective membranes appear in parallel with embryo

45
Q

What is Chorion
What is amnion
What is allantois
What is yolk sac

A

Surrounds embryo, gas exchange, merges with allantois in late stage development

Forms sac to protect embryo, holds shock absorbing amniotic fluid

Develops large circulatory system, respiratory, excretory and digestive functions

Food source for embryo and newly hatched chick

Biology (34 decks)

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