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Biology > Fertiliisation and Gestation > Flashcards

Fertiliisation and Gestation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the stages of reproduction

A

Copulation
Fertilisation
Implantation
Gestation
Parturition

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2
Q

What is copulation

A

Sexual behaviour

Act of sperm entering female body

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3
Q

What is fertilisation

A

Egg and sperm fuse together
DNA from two gametes combines

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4
Q

What is implantation

A

When a fertilised egg attaches itself to the lining of the uterus

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5
Q

What is gestation

A

The length of time from contraception to giving birth

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6
Q

What is parturition

A

Act of giving birth

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7
Q

What is centric implantation

A

In some species, there is a delay between fertilisation and implantation.

This allows the fertilised egg to grow to join the uterus lining without it getting embedded. If it is embedded it will get lost.

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8
Q

What will some larger species have

A

Larger eggs to prevent it getting lost

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9
Q

What is the centric implantation period for rabbits

A

6.5 days

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10
Q

What is the centric implantation for dogs

A

6-10 days

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11
Q

What is the centric implantation for cats

A

10-12 days

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12
Q

What is the centric implantation for pigs

A

12-14 days

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13
Q

What is the centric implantation for cattle

A

30 days

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14
Q

What do different species have

A

Different gestation periods

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15
Q

What can the length of of the embryo develop inside be impacted by

A

Size
Diet
Lifestyle

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16
Q

When larger animals are pregnant, why does their gestation period take a long time

A

They need to develop and evolve more

17
Q

What is the gestation period for rabbits

A

30-32 days

18
Q

What is the gestation period for dogs

A

58-70

19
Q

What is the gestation period for cats

A

61-72 days

20
Q

What is the gestation period for pigs

A

114-115 days

21
Q

What is the gestation period for cattle

A

279-287 days

22
Q

In domestic species, why is it beneficial if we know how long their gestation period is

A

We can predict when the offspring is going to be born

23
Q

What is the first role of hormones in parturition and lactation

A

Progesterone decreases allowing other hormones to effect uterine muscles

24
Q

What is the second role of hormones in parturition and lactation

A

Oestrogen and oxytocin levels increase which cause uterine contractions and cervical softening .
Parturition begins

25
Q

What is the third role of hormones in parturition and lactation

A

Relaxin is secreted by the ovaries and relaxes the pelvic ligaments to open the birth canal

26
Q

What is the fourth role of hormones in parturition and lactation

A

Oestrogen and progesterone levels drop
Prolactin is secreted
Triggers lactation

27
Q

What is lactation

A

Mammary glands producing milk to feed the offspring

28
Q

What is milk let down

A

Release of milk

29
Q

Lactation:
What are the four points of lactation

A

Mothers provide offspring with highly nutritious milk

Important for offspring survival

Offspring suckle on mammary system, stimulates release of milk

Hormones are necessary to start milk production. Stimulates milk let down and then restarts reproductive cycle.

30
Q

Describe the milk let down process

A

Nerve impulses caused by calf suckling, sound of milk machine and sight of calf

Release of oxytocin which triggers milk production and prolactin starts the lactation process

Release of milk due to oxytocin and stimulated by offspring suckling

31
Q

What hormone is responsible for uterine contractions during pregnancy

A

Oestrogen
Oxytocin

Biology (34 decks)

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