Fertiliisation and Gestation

Question 1

What are the stages of reproduction

Answer 1

Copulation
Fertilisation
Implantation
Gestation
Parturition

Question 2

What is copulation

Answer 2

Sexual behaviour

Act of sperm entering female body

Question 3

What is fertilisation

Answer 3

Egg and sperm fuse together
DNA from two gametes combines

Question 4

What is implantation

Answer 4

When a fertilised egg attaches itself to the lining of the uterus

Question 5

What is gestation

Answer 5

The length of time from contraception to giving birth

Question 6

What is parturition

Answer 6

Act of giving birth

Question 7

What is centric implantation

Answer 7

In some species, there is a delay between fertilisation and implantation.

This allows the fertilised egg to grow to join the uterus lining without it getting embedded. If it is embedded it will get lost.

Question 8

What will some larger species have

Answer 8

Larger eggs to prevent it getting lost

Question 9

What is the centric implantation period for rabbits

Answer 9

6.5 days

Question 10

What is the centric implantation for dogs

Answer 10

6-10 days

Question 11

What is the centric implantation for cats

Answer 11

10-12 days

Question 12

What is the centric implantation for pigs

Answer 12

12-14 days

Question 13

What is the centric implantation for cattle

Answer 13

30 days

Question 14

What do different species have

Answer 14

Different gestation periods

Question 15

What can the length of of the embryo develop inside be impacted by

Answer 15

Size
Diet
Lifestyle

Question 16

When larger animals are pregnant, why does their gestation period take a long time

Answer 16

They need to develop and evolve more

Question 17

What is the gestation period for rabbits

Answer 17

30-32 days

Question 18

What is the gestation period for dogs

Answer 18

58-70

Question 19

What is the gestation period for cats

Answer 19

61-72 days

Question 20

What is the gestation period for pigs

Answer 20

114-115 days

Question 21

What is the gestation period for cattle

Answer 21

279-287 days

Question 22

In domestic species, why is it beneficial if we know how long their gestation period is

Answer 22

We can predict when the offspring is going to be born

Question 23

What is the first role of hormones in parturition and lactation

Answer 23

Progesterone decreases allowing other hormones to effect uterine muscles

Question 24

What is the second role of hormones in parturition and lactation

Answer 24

Oestrogen and oxytocin levels increase which cause uterine contractions and cervical softening .
Parturition begins

Question 25

What is the third role of hormones in parturition and lactation

Answer 25

Relaxin is secreted by the ovaries and relaxes the pelvic ligaments to open the birth canal

Question 26

What is the fourth role of hormones in parturition and lactation

Answer 26

Oestrogen and progesterone levels drop Prolactin is secreted Triggers lactation

Question 27

What is lactation

Answer 27

Mammary glands producing milk to feed the offspring

Question 28

What is milk let down

Answer 28

Release of milk

Question 29

Lactation: What are the four points of lactation

Answer 29

Mothers provide offspring with highly nutritious milk Important for offspring survival Offspring suckle on mammary system, stimulates release of milk Hormones are necessary to start milk production. Stimulates milk let down and then restarts reproductive cycle.

Question 30

Describe the milk let down process

Answer 30

Nerve impulses caused by calf suckling, sound of milk machine and sight of calf Release of oxytocin which triggers milk production and prolactin starts the lactation process Release of milk due to oxytocin and stimulated by offspring suckling

Question 31

What hormone is responsible for uterine contractions during pregnancy

Answer 31

Oestrogen Oxytocin