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anatomy last exam > the heart > Flashcards

the heart Flashcards

1
Q

Spaces of Middle mediastinum

A 
Superior(above t4-5)
Inferior (below t4-5)
 -anterior (infront of heart)
 -middle (the heart)
 -posterior (behind the heart)
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2
Q

build up of fluid under the fibrous pericardium leads to

A

A lot of pain

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3
Q

where is most of the herat

A

2/3 to the left

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4
Q

where is the apex of the heart

A

At the midclavicular line

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5
Q

where does the heart sit height

A

Intercostal space 2-5

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6
Q

layers of the heart wall superficial to deep

A
  1. epicardium (visceral layer of the pericardium)
  2. myocardium
  3. endocardium
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7
Q

where is myocardium is thickest

A

In the ventricles

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8
Q

where is the base of the heart

A

Posteriorly oposite of the apex

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9
Q

where do the great vessels come out of the heart

A

At the base of the heart

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10
Q

where is the apex of heart

A

the most inferior part at the tip pointing left

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11
Q

borders of the heart

A

Inferior (diaphragmatic)
Right
Left
Superior (where vessels come out)

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12
Q

surface of the heart

A

Anterior- font
Inferior- on diaphram
R pulmonary
L pulmonary

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13
Q

differnce between border and surface

A

Surface is flat side

Border is the sharp edge

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14
Q

do the r and l parts of the heart work separately

A

No they work together

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15
Q

how to know what side of the heart is the front

A

The aorta and pulmonary trunk(more anterior) are on the front

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16
Q

how to know what side of the heart is the back

A

coronary sinus in the AV sulcus

Pulmonary veins

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17
Q

location of L and R atrium

A

L: on the left anterior side
R: on the R posterior side

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18
Q

What separates the atria and ventricles

A

Atrioventricular valves

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19
Q

what is between the ventricles and the ejecting vessels

A

Semilunar valves

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20
Q

what separates the R and L septum

A

Interatrial septum

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21
Q

what separates the R and L ventricles

A

Interventricular Septum

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22
Q

what drains into the right atrium

A

superior vena cava-near the roof
Inferior vena cava- from the floor
coronary sinus- also the floor but much smaller

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23
Q

what happens to walls of the atrium as you go from septum to walls

A

Become more roughened

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24
Q

Roughed walls of the Right atrium

A

Pectinate mm

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25
Q

the line that dinotes the separation between smooth wall and roughened wall of the right atrium

A

crista terminalis

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26
Q

where is the fossa ovalis

A

In the right atrium, in the interatrial septum, superior to the coronary sinus

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27
Q

what is fossa ovalis a remnant of

A

Foramen ovale

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28
Q

The RIght AV valve

A

Tricuspid

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29
Q

cusps of the RIght AV valve

A

Anterior
Septal
Posterior

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30
Q

how is the AV valve anchored

A

Chordae tendineae to papillary mm in the ventricles

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31
Q

what is the texture of the Right ventricles

A

Roughened

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32
Q

Roughened wall of the ventricle

A

Trabeculae carnea

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33
Q

Muscles that extend from trabeculae carnea of the atrium to the chordae tendineae

A

Papillary mm

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34
Q

what is a band of tissue that extends from the Atrial septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle in the right ventricle

A

Moderator band (septomarginal trabecula)

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35
Q

The superior part of the Right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk

A

Conus Arteriosus

36
Q

where is the pulmonary valve

A

In the pulmonary trunk at the apex of the infundibulum

37
Q

Cusps of the Pulmonary trunk

A

Left
Right
Anterior

38
Q

presence of corea tendineae and papillary muscle in the pulmonary valves

A

none present

39
Q

what drains into the left atrium

A

4 pulmonary veins

40
Q

what part of the left atrium is rough

A

just the left auricle (most of it is smooth) with pectinate muscle

41
Q

the little lip on the atrial septum of the left atrium

A

Valve of foramen ovale

42
Q

The Left AV vAlve

A

Bicuspid (mitral Valve)

43
Q

Cusps of the Left av valve

A

Anterior

Posterior

44
Q

thickness of r and l ventricle

A

L is 3x as thick myocardium

45
Q

where is the aortic valve

A

In the aorta

46
Q

cusps of the aortic valve

A

Left
Right
Posterior

47
Q

How to listen to AV valves

A

in the 5th intercostal space
(tricuspid, just left of sternum)
(Bicuspid, far left of sternum)

48
Q

where to listen to Valves

A

Down stream

49
Q

where to listen to semilunar valve

A

2nd intercostal space
(pulmonary is just L of sternum)
(Aortic is just R of sternum)

50
Q

main artiers of the heart

A

Left and Right coronary arteries

51
Q

where do the R and L coronary arteries branch from

A

The ascending aorta

52
Q

main venous drainage of heart

A

Coronary sinus

53
Q

length of right and left coronary arteries

A

Left is super short

54
Q

what does the Right Coronary Artery supply

A 
R atrium
R ventricle
Sinu atrial node
AV node
Interatrial septum
Portion of LEft atrium
Posteroinferior 1/3 IV septum
Portion posterior part of left ventricle
55
Q

where does The right coronary artery run

A

Right under the Right auricle of the right atrium

56
Q

Important branches of the Right coronary artery

A

Anterior R atrial A
- Sinu-atrial nodal artery
Right Marginal
Posterior interventricular A

57
Q

travel of the Anterior Right Atrial A

A

TRavels supperiorly over the top of the heart to make the Sinu-atrial nodal a to the SA node

58
Q

travel of the Right marginal artery

A

Right along the R border of the heart

59
Q

where is the posterior interventricular a

A

between the two ventricles on the septum on the back of the heart

60
Q

what does the Left coronary artery supply

A

Left atrium
Left Ventricle
Interventricular Septum
-Atrioventricular bundle and its branches

61
Q

where does the Left coronary artery travel

A

Behind the pulmonary trunk, under the left auricle

62
Q

branches of the Left Coronary Artery

A

Anterior Interventricular A (LEft anterior descenind A)
Circumflex A
- left marginal A

63
Q

where does the Anterior Interventricular A run

A

Along the interventricular septum on the more left side of the anterior heart over the apex

64
Q

what does the Anterior Interventricular A anastomose with

A

Posterior inteventricular

65
Q

where is the Circumflex A

A

Goes around the heart on the left side to the back

66
Q

where does the LEft marginal artery run

A

Along the left border of the heart

67
Q

difference between R and L dominant heart

A

where does the posterior interventricular artery come off

68
Q

Clinical Significance of R and L dominance

A

Decides which coronary artery supplies bulk of heart and is a big risk if blocked (possible of Co-dominance)

69
Q

what dominance is more common

A

R dominance (60%)

70
Q

where do veins travel

A

with arteries

71
Q

Where is the great cardiac vein

A

Anteriorly draining directly into the Coronary Sinus

Runs with L anterior descending artery to the posterior

72
Q

loaction of the midle cardiac vein

A

Posterior, to run with posterior interventricular artery

73
Q

location the Small cardiac vein

A

On the right border of the heart, twists around to drain into the coronary sinus
Runs with the right marginal A

74
Q

what do the anterior cardiac veins drain into

A

Directly into the Right atrium deep to auricle

75
Q

HOw to see the veins of the heart

A

Put a catheder up the inguinal region all the way to arota where they shoot in dye to see all the arteries

76
Q

what to do if somehting is blocked in the heart

A

Coronary artery bypass grafts

77
Q

what causes the heart to beat

A

Has its own conducting system

78
Q

Sympa innervation to heart

A

T1-T5

79
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to heart

A

Vagus N (CN X)

80
Q

ANS and heart

A

Affects rate

81
Q

what do the Sympathetic and parasympathetics contribute to with heart

A

Both superficial and deep cardiac plexuses

82
Q

where is the superficial plexus of the heart

A

right on top of the aorta

83
Q

where is the deep caridac plexus of the heart

A

at the trachea bifurcation

84
Q

conduction systm of the heart

A 
SA node
AV node
AV bundle (bundle of His)
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
85
Q

How to deal with Damage to Conduction system of heart

A

Pacemakers placed subcutaneously throu the Superior Vena cava into the heart

anatomy last exam (14 decks)

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