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anatomy last exam > Lymphatic system Histo > Flashcards

Lymphatic system Histo Flashcards

1
Q

COmponents of the LYmphatic ystem

A 
Diffuse Lymphatic Tissue
Lymphatic Nodule
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Bone Marrow
Thymus
Lymphatic Vessels
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2
Q

Major function of the lymph system

A 
Drain excess interstitial fluid (return also to maintain normal blood volume)
Provde an alternative transportation route for hormones, nutrients, and waste produces
Immune response (produce, maintain, distribute lymphocytes)
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3
Q

what happens to the flow of fluid in and out of capillary beds

A

Excess fluid is pushed out than is absorbed and builds up around the capillaries

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4
Q

How much lymph is returned to the blood stream on a daily basis

A

3 Liters

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5
Q

where are lymphatic capillaries found

A

In loose connective tissues

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6
Q

permiability of lymphatic capillaries compared to blood

A

Lymph more permiable

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7
Q

Size of Lymphatic endothelial cells

A

A bit larger than that of Blood vessels

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8
Q

where is the thoracic duct

A

Along the vertebral bodies

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9
Q

where do Lymphatic vessels get back into venous circulation

A

At the venous angle

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10
Q

where does the left Thoracic duct empty

A

Between the Left subclavian and left jugular veins (venous angle)

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11
Q

what does the left thoracic duct drain

A

Lower limbs, lumbar region, left thorax, neck, head, and arm

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12
Q

what does the right lymphatic duct drain

A

Right thorax, right arm, right head and neck

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13
Q

what lines lymphatic cappilaries

A

Enodthelial cells with a discontinuous basal lamina with increasing connective tissue

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14
Q

what causes lymph to flow

A

Compression of skeletal muscles

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15
Q

what causes lymph to flow in one direction

A

Valves

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16
Q

why does lymph stain well

A

Because it has a lot of prot and stuff

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17
Q

what is the definitive cell of the Lymphatic system

A

Lymphocytes

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18
Q

Types of Lymphocytetes

A

B cells
T cells
NK cells

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19
Q

where were B cells first recognized

A

In the bursa of Fabricius in birds

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20
Q

Roll of B cells

A

Produce and secrete anitbodies

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21
Q

Immunity given by b cells

A

invovled in humoral immunity

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22
Q

Derivative cell of B cells

A

Plasma cells

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23
Q

how many lymphocytes are B cells

A

20-30%

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24
Q

where do T cells differentiate

A

In the thymus

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25
Q

Roll of T cells

A

Attach and destroy cells

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26
Q

what type of immunity do T cells do

A

Cell-mediated immunity

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27
Q

amount of T cells

A

60-80% of circulating lymphocytes

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28
Q

roll of NK cells

A

Kill certain transformed cells

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29
Q

Amount of NK cells

A

5-10%

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30
Q

Supporting cells in the Lymphatic system

A 
Reticular
Neutrophils
Dendritic
Epithelioretiular
Monocytes
Basophil
Follicular dendritic
Macrophages
Eosinophils
Langerhans'
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31
Q

What do reticular cells do

A

Secrete Reticular cells for type 3 collagen for the lymph node, nodles, and spleen

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32
Q

What does Diffuse Lymphatic tissue have in its lamina propria

A

Accumulations of lymphocytes in the lamina propria with no strucutre or anything holding them together

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33
Q

Where is Diffuse Lymphatic tissue found

A

In the alimentary canal also respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts

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34
Q

what surrounds diffuse lymphatic tissue

A

No surrounding capsule

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35
Q

what cells are also found in Diffuse Lymphatic tissue

A

Pmphatic nodules foundlasma cells and eosinophils

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36
Q

Other name for Lymphatic Nodules

A

Lymphatic Follicles

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37
Q

what are Lymphatic Nodules

A

Accumulations of lymphocytes with no surrounding capsule but is sharply defined with a reticular fibers

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38
Q

where are Lymphatic Nodules found

A

In wall of alimentary canal, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts

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39
Q

what cells are found in the lymphatic nodule

A

Lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils

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40
Q

Types of Lymphatic Nodules

A

primary Nodule

Secondary Nodule

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41
Q

aggregations of primary small lymphocytes

A

PRimary Nodule

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42
Q

what are the zones of the secondary nodule

A

Germinal center with a mantle zone

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43
Q

where are dendritic cells in the secondary nodule

A

Dendritic cells (FDCs)

44
Q

are lymphatic nodules an organ

A

No because not surrounded with a capsule

45
Q

are Primary nodules active

A

No, just waiting for a antigen

46
Q

what are Secondary Nodules responding to

A

An antigen

47
Q

are lymphatic nodules normally grouped tother

A

No, normally randomly dispersed but in alimentary canal they are grouped together

48
Q

where Lymphatic nodules are all alone

A

solitary lymphatic nodules

49
Q

when Lymphatic nodules touch

A

Aggregated lymphatic nodules

50
Q

where are Aggregated Lymphatic nodules

A

Tonsils
Peyer’s patches
Appendix

51
Q

how do aggregated lymphatic nodules look in the tonsils

A

Create a ring around entrance to the oropharynx and nasopharynx

52
Q

where are Peyer’s pathces found

A

In the ileum

53
Q

where is the appendix

A

Cecum of the large intestin

54
Q

GALT

A

Gut associated lymphatic tissue

55
Q

BALT

A

Bronchus associated Lymphatic tissue

56
Q

MALT

A

Mucous associated of Lymphatic tissue

57
Q

Capsuled Organs along the pathways of Lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph nodes

58
Q

Function of Lymph nodes

A

Filtering (phagosytosis and trigger immune response)

59
Q

where do lymph nodes cluster

A

Cervical region
Axilla region
inguinal region
mesentaries

60
Q

PArts of the Lymph node

A 
Capsule
Trabeculae
Reticular tissue (meshwork)
cortex
Medulla
61
Q

what makes up the stroma of the lymph node

A

Capsule
Trabeculae
Retiular tissue

62
Q

what makes up the Parenchyma of the Lymph node

A

Cortex

Medulla

63
Q

parts of teh cortex of the lymph node

A 
Superficial (nodular) cortex
Deep cortex (paracortex)
64
Q

what is found in the superficial cortex of the lymph node

A

Lymphatic nodules both priimary and seconday

65
Q

parts of the medulla of the lymph node

A

Medullary cords

Medullary sinuses

66
Q

extension of the Lymph node capsule into the organ

A

Trabeculae

67
Q

what part of the lymph node lacks a cortex

A

The hilum

68
Q

Cells of the Reticular Meshwork

A

Reticular cells
Dendritic Cells
Macrophages
Follicular dendritic cells

69
Q

where strcutres leave and enter the lymph node

A 
The  Hilum (artery, vein, and efferent lymphatic vessel)
afferent lymphatic vessels enter at the capsule
70
Q

where in the lymph node are t lymphocytes

A

In the deep cortex

71
Q

where in the lymph node are b lymphocytes

A

In the nodulary cortex

72
Q

what id found in the outer cortex

A

B cells

genrmal centers: B cells, Follicular cells, macrophages

73
Q

what is found in the paracortex

A

T cells and Dendritic cells

74
Q

What is found in the medullary cords

A

B cells
Plamsa cells
Macrophages

75
Q

flow of cells in the lymph nodes

A

B Cells
T Cells
B cells

76
Q

FLow of lymph in the lymph nodes

A 
Afferent lymph vessels
Subcapsular (cortical) sinus
TRabecular sinus
Medullary sinus
Efferent Lymph Vessel
77
Q

how do lymph cells come into the lymph nodes

A

10% from lymph vessels

90% from the blood

78
Q

blood vessels that give to the Lymph nodes

A

High endothelial venules

79
Q

where are High endothelial venules

A

deep cortex

80
Q

What are the cells of the high endothelial venules

A

Cuboidal or columnar

81
Q

the site of T cell education

A

Thymus

82
Q

what is T cel education

A

T cells mature and differentiate to immunocompetent T cells

83
Q

where is the THymus the most important

A

Childhood (Goes away after awhile)

84
Q

what surrounds the Thymus

A

Capsule with TRabecula

85
Q

What do the TRabecula form

A

Thymic lobules

86
Q

The functional portion of the Thymic Lobule consists of

A

Developing T lymphocytes

supportive connective tissue is epithelial reticular cells

87
Q

parts of the thymic lobules

A

Cortex

Medulla

88
Q

what is found int he Cortex of the Thymic lobules

A

Immature T cells

89
Q

where do Immature T cells go during thymic education

A

To the Medulla of the Thymic lobule

90
Q

when do cells leave the thymus

A

Once they’ve become educated

91
Q

where are diferent types of reticular cells of the Thymic lobule found

A

1-3 in the cortex

4-6 in the medula

92
Q

what is the roll of eptihelioreticular cells

A

Forms meshwork of the thymus

93
Q

what is the roll of type VI epithelioreticualar cells

A

Forms the thymic (Hassall’s) corpuscles

94
Q

what happens to the Type VI epithelioreticular cells as they form the thymic corpuscles

A

Flatten and circularize to fill with keratin then die

95
Q

Function of the spleen

A

Filter and Monitors the blood immunologically like a lymph nodes

96
Q

Parts of the spleen

A

Red pulp

White pulp

97
Q

What does the Red pulp consist of

A

Blood-filled Venous sinuses surrounded by cords of splenic tissue

98
Q

what do splenic cords consist of

A

Red blood cells, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and granulocytes

99
Q

roll of the red pulp

A

Blod filtration (removal of particulate materials, removal of antigens, Removeal of worn out defective RBCs, WBC, and platelets

100
Q

what is the White pulp made of

A

Lymphatic tissue consistning mainly of lymphocytes plus the central artery

101
Q

where do white pulp lymphocytes aggregate

A

Brnaches of Splenic artery

102
Q

white pulp aggregation of lymphocytes around the splenic artery

A

PEriarterial lymphatic sheaths

103
Q

what is the capsule of the spleen made out of

A

Myofibroblastsdarker

104
Q

Color of white pulp in staining

A

dark

105
Q

what kind of Cappilaries are the spleenic sinus

A

Sinusoids (leaky)

anatomy last exam (14 decks)

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