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anatomy last exam > Development of the heart > Flashcards

Development of the heart Flashcards

1
Q

the receiving chambers of the heart

A

Atria

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2
Q

The ejecting chambers of the heart

A

Ventricles

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3
Q

what kind of blood is in the right side of the heart

A

Deoxygenated blood pumped to lungs

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4
Q

what kind of blood is in the left side of the heart

A

receives oxygenated blood and pumps to body

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5
Q

the adult heart

A

neonatal heart

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6
Q

how early is the cardiovascular system able to be functional

A

one of the first systems

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7
Q

Stages of heart development

A

Cardiac Crescent
Heart Tube
Pre-septated looped heart
Four chambered heart

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8
Q

Flow through the heart tube

A

Caudal to cranial

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9
Q

last step of heart development

A

septated into 4 chambers

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10
Q

migration of progenitor heart cells

A

Migrate through primitive streak into splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm

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11
Q

the 1st sign of heart formation

A

solid horseshoe-shaped cluster of cells

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12
Q

the solid horseshoe-shaped cluster of cells that is the 1st sign of heart formation

A

Primary heart field

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13
Q

organization of the primary heart field

A

Medial: eventual aorta
in-betwen: Ventricles
Lateral: atria

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14
Q

when blood vessels arise from blood islands

A

Vasculogenesis

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15
Q

when blood vessels sprout from existing vessel

A

Angiogenesis

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16
Q

what happens in Vasculogenesis

A

Mesoderm cells cluster together around hemangioblasts to eventually form a tube

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17
Q

where does Vasculogenesis occur

A

in the embryo

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18
Q

Parts of Heart Development

A 
Establishment and patterning of primary heart field
Heart tube formation and positioning
Cardiac loop formation
Sinus venosus
Partitioning of the heart
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19
Q

where does the heart originally form in respect to the brain

A

Ontop and infront of the brain

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20
Q

how does the heart get into the correct position

A

Due to cranial caudal folding

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21
Q

what forms the endocardial tubes

A

the uniting of blood islands

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22
Q

number of endocardial tubes before folding

A

2 (one on the right and one on the left

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23
Q

what happens while the endocardial tubes form

A

other blood island appear to form the pair of longitudinal dorsal aortae

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24
Q

roll of dorsal aorta

A

outflow of blood to the body

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25
Q

what causes the endocardial tubes to come close together to enventuall fuse

A

Lateral folding

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26
Q

do dorsal tubes fuse due to lateral folding

A

no

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27
Q

relation of heart tube to septum transversum (precursor to diaphram)`

A

Slightly causal

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28
Q

relation of heart tube to Pericardial cavity`

A

VEntral

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29
Q

relation of heart tube to oropharyngeal membrane (opening to oral cavity)

A

Cranial

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30
Q

how does the Heart tube eventually get below the brain

A

Cranial folding around teh opophyngeal membrane pushes brain up and heart down

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31
Q

Flow of the heart tube

A

Caudal to cranial possition

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32
Q

Flow through heart tube dilations

A 
Sinus Venosus
Primitive atrium
Primitive ventricle
Bulbus cordis
Truncus arteriosus
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33
Q

what connects the primitive atrium and the primitive ventricle

A

Atrioventricular canal

34
Q

what part of the heart tube forms part of the right atrium

A

Sinus VEnosus

35
Q

what part of the heart tube forms part of the left atria

A

Primitive atrium

36
Q

what part of the heart tube forms forms inlet of the ventricles

A

Primitive Ventricles

37
Q

what part of the heart tube forms outlet of the ventricles

A

Bulbus Cordis

38
Q

what part of the heart tube forms the aorta and pulmonary artery

A

Truncus arteriosus

39
Q

how does the Tubular heart loop

A

Right handed looping

40
Q

what does the looping of the tubular heart form

A

A U-shaped loop that results in a heart with an apex pointing left

41
Q

Travel of the Primitive ventricle during Cardiac looping

A

Moves Ventral and to the right

42
Q

travel of the atrial region during cardiac looping

A

Moves dorsally and to the left

43
Q

Flow of blood after Cardiac Looping

A

Flow from caudal to cranial

44
Q

is blood flow interrupted due to heart looping

A

Nope! Uninterrupted through different parts

45
Q

where does Sinus Venosus receive Venous blood

A

From left and right sinus horns

46
Q

where does each sinus horn receive venous blood from

A 
Vitelline vv (medial)
Umbilical vv (midline)
Common cardinal vv (lateral)
47
Q

what forms the Common cardinal vv

A

anterior and posterior cardinal vv

48
Q

what brings oxygenated blood into spinus Venosus

A

the 2 umbilical veins (blood from the mom)

49
Q

what happens to blood flow in the sinus venosus during remodeling

A

Blood flow gradually shifts to the right side

50
Q

size of the right and left horn of the sinus venosus after remodeling

A

Right horn is larger than left horn

51
Q

what does the Left sinus horn become after remodeling

A

Oblique veins of the left atrium

Coronary sinus

52
Q

where does the Right side of the senius Venosus go

A

Incorporated inot the right caudal/dorsal wall of developing atrium

53
Q

what does the right side of sinus venosus displace

A

The original right half of the primitive atrial wall farther to the right

54
Q

The portion of the atrium consisting of the incorporated sinus venosus

A

Sinus venarum

55
Q

what partitions in the heart

A

Atria
Ventricles
Outflow tracts

56
Q

what grows from the roof of the atrium and hooks down towards the floor (inferior)

A

Septum Prima

57
Q

where does septum prima grow towards

A

The suptum cusion

58
Q

Does the septum Prima complete separate the Atriums

A

No, theres still a big hole connecting the two

59
Q

What is the Hole that connects the two atrium when the septum prima forma

A

Foramen primum

60
Q

what happens once the septum primum hits the septal cusion

A

separtes the two atrium, but theyre still concected with flow in between them

61
Q

what allows flow between atrium once the septum primum is fully formed

A

Foramen secundum (foramen primum is gone)

62
Q

the more dense part that separates the atriums after the septum primum

A

Septum secundum

63
Q

Growth of septum secundum

A

Grows from the roof of the atrium to the floor(endocardial cusion) to the right of the Septum primum

64
Q

what is the inferior opening of the septum secundum while it continues to grow

A

foramen ovale

65
Q

what septum opening of the atria is maintained

A

The foramen ovale

66
Q

what does Foramen ovale bceome in the neonatal heart

A

Fossa ovalis

67
Q

when do the 4 AV endocardial cushions form

A

near the end of week 4

68
Q

where does the 4 AV endocardial cushions form

A

on each side of the atrioventricular canal

69
Q

what separates the R and L atrioventricular canals

A

Swellings of the superior and inferior endocardial cushions to the point that they fuse together

70
Q

What eventually happpens to the Primary Ventricles

A

Begin to expand

71
Q

what do the medial walls of the PRimitive ventricles do

A

MErge together to form the muscular interventricular septum

72
Q

location of the interventricular foramen

A

Above the muscular interventricular septum

73
Q

what closes the interventricular foramen

A

Outgrowth of endocardial cushions

74
Q

complete closuure of the interventricular foramen forms

A

The membranous part of the interventricular septum

75
Q

Formation of the 1st outflow tracts of the heart

A

Week 5, neural crest cells migrate into truncus arteriorsus and bulbus cordis

76
Q

what does Truncus arteriorsus and bulbus cordis form

A

Truncal ridges and bulbar ridges

77
Q

without neural crest cells in the outflow tracts, what does not happen

A

No seperation of the outflow tracts

78
Q

travel of the Truncal and bulbus ridges

A

spiral from wall to the outflow portion (180 degrees)

79
Q

SPiraling of the Truncal and Bulbus ridges results in forming what when they fuse

A

A spiral aorticopulmonary septum

80
Q

INferior growth of Truncal and Bulbus ridges contributes to

A

A portion to membranous IV

81
Q

What does Spiralling of the outflow tracts of the heart lead to

A

why the right ventrical ejects blood out to the left and anterior
why the left ventrical ejects blood behind and to the right

82
Q

flow of blood in the fetus heart

A

blood flow into the right atrium (both oxygenated and deoxygenated)
Oxygenated blood travels to Left atrium via foramen ovale
then leave via left ventricle

anatomy last exam (14 decks)

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