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anatomy last exam > limbic system > Flashcards

limbic system Flashcards

1
Q

roll of the limbic system

A

generate feelings and emotion from sensory inputs

evolved to promote survival

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2
Q

what does limbic system activity depend on

A

physiologic needs

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3
Q

parts of the limbic system

A

Cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus(limbic lobe, amygdala, hippocampus etc

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4
Q

what does the limbic system involve in response to envirnomnetal change

A

autonomic/voluntary response

also hypothalamus and cerebral cortex

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5
Q

what makes up the limbic system

A

Limbic cortex

Subcortical nuclei

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6
Q

what makes up the limbic cortex

A

3 layered allocortex

mesocortex

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7
Q

where is the allocortex of the limbic cortex

A

hippocampus and septal area

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8
Q

where is the mesocortex of the limbic cortex

A

parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate, and insula

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9
Q

what makes up the subcortical nuclei

A

Amygdala, hypothalamus
Nucleus accumbens
reticular formation

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10
Q

roll of the amygdala in the limbic system

A

emotional responses

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11
Q

roll of the hippocampus in the limbic system

A

learning and memory

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12
Q

where do some afferents go first to project to the hipocampus

A

Entorhinal cortex

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13
Q

the entorhinal cortex gets info from what

A 
olfactory areas(minor)
many other areas (major)
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14
Q

what afferents project to the hippocampus

A

Entorhinal cortex

Input from septal nuclei

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15
Q

what is the nature of input from spetal nuclei

A

modulatory in nature

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16
Q

what does input from septal nuclei affect

A

chance that info in hippocampus will be retained

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17
Q

the 3 zones of the hippocampus

A

dentate gyrus
Hippocampus proper(cornu ammonis)
Subiculum

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18
Q

The transition between hippocampus proper and adjacent parahippocampus cortex

A

Subiculum

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19
Q

Afferent hippocampal connections

A

Afferent fibers from sensory cortex

Entorhinal cortex projects to dentate gyrus

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20
Q

The pathway from the entorhinal cortex to the dentate gyus

A

Perforant pathway

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21
Q

Dentate neuron project to what

A

CA3

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22
Q

CA# neurons project into

A

fimbria and CA1

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23
Q

Pathway of afferent hippocampal connections

A
  1. afferent fibers from sensory cortex
  2. entorhinal cortex projects to dentate gyrus
  3. Dentate nuerons projects to CA3
  4. CA3 neuron projects into fimbria and CA1
  5. CA1 neuron projects to subiculum
  6. Subiculum projects to fimbria
  7. subiculuar neurons projects to entorhinal cortex
  8. entorhinal neuron projects to sensory cortex
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24
Q

CA1 neuron projects to what

A

subiculum

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25
Q

subiculum proejcts toL

A

fimbria

entorhinal cortex

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26
Q

when the subiculum projects to fimbria

A

alvear pathway

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27
Q

entorhinal neurons project to

A

sensory cortex

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28
Q

the 2 big hippocampal efferents

A

the alveolar pathway into the fornix

from the entorhinal cortex into the cerebral cortex

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29
Q

efferent outputs from hippocampus

A

subiculum and entorhinal cortex

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30
Q

what is the fornix a direct continuation of

A

the fimbria

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31
Q

the fornix has a long course under what

A

the corpus callosum

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32
Q

where does the crus arch

A

up beneath the corpus callosum

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33
Q

how is the trunk formed

A

joining of the crus’s

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34
Q

where is the trunk formed

A

near hippocampal commissure

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35
Q

what does the trunk devide into near the anterior commissure

A

precommissural fibers

Postcommisural fibers

36
Q

where are the precommissural fibers

A

septal area

37
Q

where are the postcommisural fibers

A

hypothalamus, mammilary body

38
Q

papez circuit

A
  1. neurons in cingulate gyrus project back
  2. cingulate gyrus projects into the entorhinal cortex
  3. entorhinal cortex projects into the hippocampus
  4. hippocampus sends out projects via the fornix
  5. fornix eventually reaches the mammillary bodies
    to begin the mammillothalamic tract
  6. projectsions from the mammillary bodies begin the mammillothalamic tract to go to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus to cingulate cortex
    6.5 whole thing repeats itself
39
Q

short term

A

hold information briefly in mind while you need it

40
Q

long term

A

stored information, can be retrieved

41
Q

Explicit long term

A

recall of facts/ events, aka declarative memory or spisodic memory

42
Q

semantic memory

A

pertains to spoken/written words, extended to knowledge of facts/concepts

43
Q

Implicit memory

A

performed a leaned motor fucntion, riding a bike

44
Q

working memory

A

memory needed for task at hand, like driving along a known route

45
Q

consolidation

A

process of storing new information in long term memory

46
Q

how are novel facts relayed

A

from sensory association areas to hippocampus for encoding, processed, encoded info sent beack to association area it came from and does not dpeend on hippocampus for retrieval

47
Q

Bilateral removal of hippocampi leads to

A

impaired declarative memory, and new could not be formed:
episodic memories
semantic memories
but working memory is intact and HM could learn new skills

48
Q

Episodic memories

A

past personal experices

49
Q

semantic memories

A

ideas and concepts not related to personal experinces

50
Q

location of the amygdala

A

in anterior, medial temporal lobe

51
Q

the amygdala mergeis with

A

periamygdaloid cortex as part of uncus

52
Q

nuclear groups as part of amygdala

A

Basolateral
Central
Medial

53
Q

Basolateral Amygdala nuclear group

A

Cortex
Central nuclei
Emotional response

54
Q

Central Amygdala nuclear group

A

hypothalamus
PAG
Emotional responses

55
Q

MEdial Amygdala nuclear group

A

Olfaction

56
Q

what is the amygdala primary associated with

A

emotion of fear

57
Q

Afferents to the Amygdala

A

All sensory association areas directly to the lateral nucleus
prefrontal cortex iva association fibers
Visual areas

58
Q

why the prefrontal cortex sends association fibers to the amygdala

A

sensation can be cognitively evaluated

59
Q

visual areas project to amygdala because of

A

phobias, anxiety states

60
Q

where are most nuclei reeiving afferents situated in the amygdala

A

laterally situated (lateral nucleus)

61
Q

Amygdala afferents come from

A

Orbital cortex and Cingulate
Brainstem and PAG, other sites
Cortex and Thalamus
Olfactory bulb

62
Q

what does the orbital cortex and cingulate send to the amygdala

A

General sense of emotional and physical discomfort/comfort

63
Q

what does the Brainstem and PAG send to the Amygdala

A

Visceral sensory

64
Q

what does the cortex and thalamus send to the Amygdala

A

Vision, taste, hearing, somatosensory

65
Q

what does the olfactory bulb and cortex send to the amygdala

A

olfaction

66
Q

the fibers pathwyas of the Amygdala

A

Stria terminalis

Ventral amygdalofugal pathwya

67
Q

the stria terminalis is from

A

hypothalamus and septal nuclei

68
Q

the ventral amygdalofugal pathway is from

A

the thalamus, hypothalamus, orbtial and anterior cingulate cortex

69
Q

how do fibers leaves the amygdala

A

via stria terminalis and VAG pathway

70
Q

Amydgala output to vventral striatum is supposed to be a means for

A

drive-related information to influence decisions about movemtn

71
Q

travel of stria terminalis

A

emerges from central nucleus
follows curve of caudate
fibers go to septal area and hypothalamus
then medial forebrain bundlea and central tegmental tract

72
Q

the bed nucleus is regarded as

A

the extended amygdala

73
Q

what is more active then amygdala in anxiety

A

bed nucleus

74
Q

function of amygdala efferent to the periaqueductal gray (medulla and raphespinal tract)

A

antinociception

75
Q

function of amygdala efferent to the periaqueductal gray (to medullary rectulopinal tract)

A

freezing

76
Q

function of amygdala efferent to the norepinephrine medullary neurons (project to lateral gray horn)

A

increase heart rate and blood pressure

77
Q

function of amygdala efferent to the hypothalamus/dorsal nucleus of Vagus (heart0

A

decrease heart rate, fainting

78
Q

function of amygdala efferent to the Hypothalamus (release corticotropin RH)

A

stress hormone secretion

79
Q

function of amygdala efferent to the parabrachial nucleus to medullary respiratory nuclei

A

Hyperventilation (panic attacks)

80
Q

what is injurted in kluver-bucy syndrome

A

Bilateral temporal lobe injury, involving the amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus

81
Q

symptomes of Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

A

Fearless, Placid, no emotion reaction, don’t respond to threats, don’t flee threates
males become hyperxexual, indiscriminate, seeking sexual stimulation from inanimate or inappropriate objection
inordinate attention to all sensory stimuli, sniff and examine everythin orally, will eat if can be eaten
may pick up the sam object repeatedly as they seem to recognize nothing (visual agnoia

82
Q

stimulation of nucleus accumbens leads to

A

sense of well-being “high af”

83
Q

why do you feel a sense of well being due to stimulation of the nucleus accumbens

A

doapmine release in NA (and medial prefrontal cortex) from ventral tegmental area

84
Q

Ventral striatal dopamine release is from

A

ventral tegmental area in midbrain

85
Q

Limic loop in basal ganglia is related to

A

drive-related info to influence movement/behavior

associate stimuli with rewards

86
Q

limbic loop in basal ganglia

A

Amygdala hypocampus and limbic cortex project to Ventral striatum
Ventral striatum projects to Ventral Palotum
Ventral palotum projects to Thalamus
Thalamus projects to LImbic cortex repeat

anatomy last exam (14 decks)

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