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anatomy last exam > development of the respiratory system > Flashcards

development of the respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

when does the respiratory system begin

A

Day 22 (forth week)

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2
Q

major changes in the respiratory system happens

A

5th and 6th month

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3
Q

how long does the respiratory system develop

A

past the first breath at birth up to age 3 (possible for 7-8 years)

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4
Q

what part of the respiratory system appears at week 4

A

Respiratory diveritulum

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5
Q

what is the respiratory diverticulum

A

the lung bud

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6
Q

how does the respiratory diverticulum grow as

A

As an outgrowth of the foregut

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7
Q

what parts of the respiratory system is endoderm

A

Inner lining of larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

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8
Q

what parts of the respiratory system is splanchnic mesoderm

A

Cartilaginous
Muscular
Connective tissue component of trachea and lungs

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9
Q

what does the lung bud grow into

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

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10
Q

what is the lung bud open to

A

Open comm with the foregut

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11
Q

what causes the lung bud to separate from the foregut

A

as the bud grows caudally, tracheoesophageal ridges separate the bud from the foregut

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12
Q

tracheoesophageal ridges eventually fuse to make

A

The tracheoesophageanl septum

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13
Q

Abnormalities in partitioning of the esophagus and trachea by the tracheoesophageal septum result in

A

Esophageal atresia(blind end sack) with or without tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF)- air goes into sack

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14
Q

foregut anomolies mean you may have

A

Respiratory anomolies

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15
Q

How does the respiratory diverticulum maintina comm with the parynx

A

Laryngeal origice

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16
Q

what is the shape of the laryngeal orifice orignally

A

Safittal slit

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17
Q

what does the Larygeal orifice change to in shape

A

T-shaped opening

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18
Q

surrounding tissues of the Laryngeal orifice

A 
Epiglottal swelling
Arytenoid swelling (inferior) originally laryngeal swellings
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19
Q

what do the laryngeal cartilage and muscles arise from

A

Pharyngeal arch 4 and 6

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20
Q

what innervate the muscles of the larynx

A

Vagus nerve

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21
Q

what does the mesenchym of the 4th and 6th arch turn into

A

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
Arytenoid cartilce

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22
Q

what does the epiglottis form from

A

Mesnechyme of the caudal hypopharyngeal eminence

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23
Q

LAryngeal mm arising fromt the first arch are innervated by

A

super laryngeal n

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24
Q

Innervation of laryngeal mm fo the 6th arch

A

recurrent laryngeal n

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25
Q

when does the lung bud devide into the primary bronchial buds

A

day 28

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26
Q

when does the primary bronchial buds devide into secondary bronchial buds

A

30 days(week 5)

27
Q

when does the secondary bronchial buds devide into teritary bronchial buds

A

38 days ( 5th and 6th)

28
Q

as the lung buds devide and grow what is carried with them

A

Pleural mesenchyme

29
Q

how many seconadry bronchial buds are there

A

Left: 2
Right: 3

30
Q

number of tertiary bronchial buds

A

R: 10
L: 8

31
Q

where does the lung buds grow into

A

Pericardioperitoneal canals

32
Q

What forms the pleural cavities

A

Lung bud growth into the pericardioperitoneal canals

33
Q

what gives rise to the visceral pleura of the lungs

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

34
Q

what gives rise to the parietal pleura

A

Somatic mesoderm

35
Q

what fills the pleural caviy in the development

A

Serous fluid still

36
Q

what does the respiratory tree create

A

Small branches called terminal bronchioles

37
Q

when do terminal rbonchiole devide

A

weeks 16-28

38
Q

what do terminal bronchiole divide into

A

respiratory bronchia

39
Q

when are the terminal sacs (primitive alveoli)

A

week 36

40
Q

separates the conditioning/conducting portion of lungs

A

ends at terminal bronchioles

Gas exchange at respiratory bronchioles

41
Q

as the terminal sacs form what else is just beginning to form

A

Blood islands for the capillaries in the mesenchyme

42
Q

stages of lung maturation

A

Pseudoglandular period- branches for terminal bronchioles
Canalicular period- respiratory brnahces begin to turn into alveolar ducts
TErminal sac- terminal sacs form, and capillaries begin
Alveolar period; mature alveoli with capillary contacts

43
Q

Time of the pseudoglandular period

A

5-16weeks

44
Q

Canalicular period

A

16-26 weeks

45
Q

time of terminal sac period

A

26 week to birth

46
Q

alveolar period

A

8 months till childhood

47
Q

fetal stages of lungs

A

Pseudoglandular, canalicular, terminal sac

48
Q

What stages are late fetal and enonatal

A

Alveolar period

49
Q

what happens in the pseudoglandular period

A

Branches has continued to form terminal bronchioles
No respiratory or bronchioles or alveoli present
Capillaries presnet but not asssociated

50
Q

what happens in the canicular period

A

Each terminal bronchiole divides into 2+ respiratory bronchioles
These devide into 3-6 alveolar ducts
air blood relation is not there yet
beginning of cellular specialization

51
Q

what happens in terminal sac period

A

Terminal sacs form and capillaries become close to sacs
Functional development
fetus can possibly surive if born here
no surfactant cells

52
Q

what do terminal sacs look like a 26 weeks

A

single layer of simple squamous cells

53
Q

cells through which gases diffuse

A

Type I alveolar cells and associate with capillaries

54
Q

what are the shape of type II alveolar cells

A

Rounded

55
Q

Shape of Type I alveolar cells

A

flat

56
Q

Roll of type II alveolar cells

A

Produce, store, and secrete pulmonary surfactant

57
Q

what does Surfactant form

A

Film over the internal walls te alveolar sacs and counteracts surface tension

58
Q

Roll of surfactants

A

Facilitate expansion of terminal sac and prevent collapse (atelectasis)

59
Q

when does surfactant begin to be produced

A

20-22 weeks

60
Q

what fills the respiratory tree before brith

A

Amniotic fluid

61
Q

what happens at first breath to liquid in lungs

A

All the fluid goes out it and secreted surfactant forms on top of remaining fluid

62
Q

what happens to prevent colaspse of alveolus

A

Surfactant prevents alveolar collapse

63
Q

what happens at the alveolar period

A

Mature alveoli have well developed epithelial endothelial contacts
Type I and II alveolar
Smooth msucles are present

anatomy last exam (14 decks)

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