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anatomy last exam > superior and posterior mediastinum > Flashcards

superior and posterior mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

divisions of the mediastinum

A 
Superior
Inferior
  - anterior
  - middle
  -posterior
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2
Q

where does the mediastinum extend

A

From the thoracic inlet to the diaphram and sternum to 12th vertebra

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3
Q

what is foudn in the superior mediastum

A

Thymus gland (anterior)
SVA and great vv (R and L brachiocephalic V)
Arach of aorta and great aa (Brachiocepahlic trunk, left common caroitd, left subclavian )
Vagus nn
Phrenic nn (anterio)
Left recurrant laryngeal( if above the the aortic arch)
trachea
Esophagus (posterior)
THoracic duct

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4
Q

what does the thymus gland sit posterior to

A

Manubrium

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5
Q

what does the thymus gland lie anterior to

A

Brachiocephalic vv

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6
Q

when is the thymus gland most active

A

childhood

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7
Q

what happens to the thymus gland in adults

A

Inactive and may appear as a fatty mass as it atrophies

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8
Q

what drains into the SVC

A

Right and left brahiocephalic veins

azygous vein

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9
Q

how does the L brachiocephalic v cross the trachea

A

Anteriorly (in addition to being anterior to the 3 great arteries along with nerves)

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10
Q

where does the azygous vein drain superior to

A

The Right bronchus (root of right lugn)

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11
Q

where does the aortic arch begin and end

A

At the same level, sternal angel, t4-5

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12
Q

parts of the aorta

A

ascending
arch
desceding

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13
Q

what part of the aorta is in the superior mediastinum

A

the arch

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14
Q

what part of the aorta is in the interior mesiastium

A

the ascending and descending portions

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15
Q

what part of the middle mediastinum does the ascending aorta come from

A

The middle

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16
Q

what does the aortic arch, arch over

A

L main bronchus and pulmonary Trunk (R pulmonary A)

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17
Q

what arties goes the aortic arch give off

A

Brachiocephalic trunk
L common carotid A
L subclavian

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18
Q

what does the vagus nerve and phrenic nerve pass through the thoracic inlet betwen

A

a vein and artery

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19
Q

Vegus in relation to the root of the lung

A

Posterior to the root (anterior to aortic arch tho)

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20
Q

what does the Vagus do for the thorax and ab

A

Parngasympathetic innervation

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21
Q

relation of phrenic nerve to the root of lung

A

Anterior to the root of lung (very anterior))

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22
Q

roll of phrenic nerves

A

Somatic innervation to diaphram (motor and sensory)

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23
Q

phrenic nerve comes from what

A

C3-C5 (C3 4 and 5 keep me breathing and alive)

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24
Q

what parts of the diaphram does the phrenic nerve serve

A

The superior and inferior portions

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25
how does the R and L phrenic nerve reach the inferior portion of the diaphram
R Through the hiatus of the IVC at T8 | L: through diaphram at the apex of the heart margin of central tendon with muscle
26
where is the trachea
Immediately anterior to esophagus
27
where does the trachea bifurcate
At inferior limit of superior mediastinum
28
the gooch of the trachea
Carina
29
where are a lof of lymph nodes found in the trachea
at the carina
30
where does the trachea bifurcate
T4/5
31
the inferior extent of the superior mediastum
Carina
32
where are foreign bodies usually aspirated and why
R main bronchi because it is shorter, wider, more verticle | Carina is usually positioned L of median plane
33
where does the esophagus begin
In the kneck below the pharynx. inferior margin of cricoid cartilage
34
what does the esophagus descend behind
Posterior to trachea
35
where does the esophagus pierce the diaphram
Esophageal hiatus
36
arteries of the esophagus arise from
Thoracic aorta, bronchial aa, and ascending L gastric A
37
Venious drainage of teh esophagus
Azygous Hemiazygous L grastric
38
lymphatics of esophagsu
Posterior mediastinum
39
where might the stomach herniate
Through the esophogeal hiatus
40
when the stomach herniates through the esophogeal hiatus
Hiatal hernia
41
what is a sliding hiatal hernia
Type I
42
what happpens in a sliding hiatal hernia
Somach slides freely into thorax | Asymptomatic
43
Commonness of sliding hiatal hernia (type I)
Most common
44
what is a paraesophageal hernia
type II
45
where does a paraesophageal hernia pass through
The fundus
46
what problesm occur with a type II hernia
Fixed in position risking gastric blood supply | uncomfortable
47
where is the retropharyngeal space
Behind the buccopharyngeal fascia and the prevertebral fascia(alar layer)
48
other name for the retropharyngeal space
Danger space
49
how far down does the retropharyngeal space go
t12
50
what is found in the posterior mediastinum
``` Esophagus Esophageal plus Azygous system of vv Descending aorta Thoracic duct Thoracic splanchnic nn ( pre ganglionic sympa) ```
51
what forms the plexus around the esophagus
Vagus nerve
52
what happens to vagas nerve near disaphragm plexus
REforms Vagal runks
53
What is the L vagus N
Anterior vagal trunk
54
what is the R vagus N
Posterior Vagal trunk
55
what does the L and R vagus N becomes anteror and posterior trunks
Due to rotation of gut during development
56
where do both trunks pass through with the esophagus
through the diaphragm
57
what provides venous drainage for thorax
The azygos system of veins
58
what does the azygous vein drain
Intercostal vv from R side of thorax
59
what does the hemiazygous and accessory hemiazygous vv drain
L thorax
60
what does the hemiaxygous and accessory hemiazygous drain into
Azygous V
61
how does the Azygous v drain into the SVC
Arches over the R superior bronchus
62
what more superior, hemiazygous or accessory hemiazygous
Accessory is more superior
63
relation of the descending aorta to the esophagus
Just left of the esophagus
64
what does the descending aorta give rise to
Posterior intercostal aa supplying the throax | Branches to trachea, bronchi, and esophagus
65
location of the thoracic duct
Posterior to esophagus and anterior to vertebral bodies Between azygous v and descending aorta (thorax) in the mid line
66
where does the thoracic duct pass through the diaphram
With the descending aorta
67
what does the thoracic duct drain
Entire bod below diaphram
68
where does the thoracic duct enter the venous angel
Between L subclavian v and L IJV
69
taccumulationof lymph in the pleural cavity
Chylothorax
70
Chylothorax results from
Torn or leaking thoracic duct
71
what may cause a tear or leaking thoracic duct
Lymphom/trama during thoracic surgery
72
can you see chylothorax on chest films
YES
73
where are sympathetic trunks found
Lateral to vertebral bodies
74
How do sympa trunks get to ab
Pass posterior to diaphram thru cura to enter
75
Types of Branches from sympathetic chain ganglia
Postgang sympa to thoracic viscer Preganglionic sympa to innervate the abodomen (Greater, lesser, least splanchnic)
76
branches of the greater spanchnic
T5-9
77
Branches for the lesser splachnic
T10-11
78
Branches of least splanchnic
T12
79
Thoracic sympathetics originate from
T1-T5
80
Thoracic parasympathetics come from
CNX
81
Plexus of the thorax
Cardiac Pulmonary Esophageal
82
what makes up the thoracic plexues
both T1-5 | and CNX

anatomy last exam (14 decks)

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