the heart Flashcards
instrument to make incisions in heart experiment
•scalpel
difference between walls of the right and left ventricles in the heart
•walls of the left ventricle were thicker than the ones of the right
vein carrying blood richest in oxygen
•pulmonary vein
vein carrying blood between intestine and liver
•hepatic portal vein
vein carrying blood lowest in metabolic wastes
•renal vein
vein carrying blood into right atrium of heart
•vena cava
how did you know the left from the right side of heart prior to dissection
•left side was thicker
sa node function
•send impulse to the atria and causes it to contract
av node function
•send impulse to ventricles and causes them to contract
heart cycle
•heart is relaxed, blood flows into atria
•atria contract and force blood through the valves into the ventricles
•ventricles contract and push blood through the aorta and pulmonary vein
period of heart cycle when cardiac muscle of the heart is contracting
•systole
period of heart cycle when cardiac muscle of the heart is not contracting
•diastole
how know ventricles are contracting in diagram
•ventricle volumes are reduced
•semilunar valves are open
•blood flowing into arteries
location of sa
•wall of right atrium
what circuit does the right ventricle pump blood to
•pulmonary circuit
what circuit did the left ventricle pump blood to
•systemic circuit
what caused the sounds of a heartbeat
•valves closing
function of coronary (cardiac) artery
•to supply the heart muscle with blood
effect of smoking in circulatory system
•increased heart rate
•increased blood pressure
process of inhalation
•brain send impulse to muscles
•intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
•ribcage move up and out
•diaphragm move down
•volume of chest increase
•pressure inside chest decrease
•air moves in
diastole
•relaxation
(period of heart cycle when heart isn’t contracting)
what surface did you observe the coronary artery
•front
how dissect heart to identify bicuspid valve
•make shallow cut with scalpel on left side on a dissecting board
•valve is between atria and ventricle
precise location of one semilunar valve
•base of aorta
•base of pulmonary artery
how did you further dissect heart to locate semilunar valve
•(if said at base of aorta) cut into the aorta
•(if said base of pulmonary artery) cut into pulmonary artery
notes on sounds created during the cardiac cycle
•sounds are ‘lub’ ‘dub’
•caused by valves closing
•tricuspid and bicuspid valves close and create first sound
•semilunar valves close and create second sound
where does oxygen enter the blood
at the lungs
where does co2 enter the blood
•at cells
precise location of sa node
•right atrium
what is measured when a persons blood pressure is taken
•force of the blood against the wall of the artery
location of av node
•in septum between right atrium and right ventricle
pulse
•the rhythmic stretching of an artery
why pulse at wrist
•artery near surface
difference between arteries and veins
•arteries have thicker lumen
•arteries carry oxygen away from heart
•veins have valves to stop backwards flow of blood
•veins carry deoxygenated blood to heart
capillaries
•tiny blood vessels that link arteries and veins
closed system
•allows blood to be pumped to
different parts of the body when necessary
•also allows oxygenated blood to be kept separate from deoxygenated blood. This is more efficient
open system
•doesn’t allow blood to be pumped to different parts of the body when necessary & doesn’t allow de/oxygenated blood to be kept separate
portal system
•a blood pathway that begins
and ends in capillaries
disadvantage of closed system
•requires more energy for blood distribution, strong pump needed to push blood through valves
advantage of open system
•better regulation of body temperature
•requires less energy
disadvantage of open system
•low metabolic rate & limited activity level
