2023 Flashcards
the three chemical elements present in all carbohydrates
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
general formula for carbohydrates
Cx(H2O)y
one structural role of carbohydrates in living organisms
creates cell wall
where might a scientist publish their results
a scientific journal
limitations of the scientific method
•extent of knowledge
•basis of investigation
•human error
•experimental design
•ability to interpret results
•accidental discovery
•application to nature
functions of the skeleton
•protection
•movement
•support
•blood cell production
the bio molecule that is the main component of cartilage
protein
what are the innominate bones more commonly known as
the pelvis OR hip bones
what does DNA stand for
deoxyribonucleic acid
name the base present in RNA that isn’t in DNA
uracil OR u
the term describing how bacteria reproduce asexually
binary fission
explanation for “food chains are limited in length”
a large amount of energy is lost as it passes to each trophic level, and it eventually becomes not enough
explain “there is always competition between members of a species”
members of a species need the same resources so there is always competition
explain “fruit formation by plantsl
to protect seeds
explain “urine volume will be low if a person doesn’t regularly drink fluids”
more water is reabsorbed
explain “doctors don’t prescribe antibiotics for viral infections”
antibiotics only kill bacteria or fungi
explain “meiosis halves the number of chromosomes in cells”
they do this to produce gametes for sexual reproduction
explain “the septum separate the two sides of the human heart”
it does this to prevent oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood from mixing
what is the name of the process of water splitting in stage 1 of photosynthesis using energy in light
photolysis
how is nadph produced
added or picked up electrons
added or picked up proton
atp
adenosine triphosphate
the parts of the earth where life can exist
biosphere
living factors that have an effect in an ecosystem
biotic
what is meant by anaerobic
oxygen is absent
what other substance is produced in animal cells as a result of anaerobic respiration
lactic acid
asepsis
free from pathogens
sterility
free from micro organisms
stage 1 in aerobic respiration
glycolysis
what happened to electrons when they’re removed in krebs cycle
pass to NAD+ to make NADH then pass to electron transport chain and make water
ADP + P + Energy ——->
ATP + H2O
active site theory of enzyme action
•enzyme complementary shape to substrate
•enzyme substrate complex formed
•product formed
•enzyme returns to original shape & can be reused
catabolic enzyme
amylase
anabolic enzyme
polymerase
harmful viruses
•common cold
•HIV
•corona virus
his can viruses benefit humans
•can be used as a vector in genetic engineering
•potentially used to test bacterial infection
•vaccine production
a way to distinguish between edible and poisonous mushrooms
using a key
stolon function
•spread out/reproduction
a hypha that can move over the surface of the bread to help the fungus spread quicker
rhizoid
•absorption of nutrients
special hyphae that grow deep into the bread to absorb food
sporangium function
produce (release) spores
vein that carrie’s blood richest in oxygen
pulmonary vein
vein that carries blood between intestine and liver
hepatic portal vein
vein that carries blood lowest in metabolic wastes
renal vein
vein that carries blood into right atrium of heart
vena cava
nutrient recycling
exchange of elements between organisms and their enviornment
