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biology exam paper corrections > 2023 > Flashcards

2023 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the three chemical elements present in all carbohydrates

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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2
Q

general formula for carbohydrates

A

Cx(H2O)y

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3
Q

one structural role of carbohydrates in living organisms

A

creates cell wall

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4
Q

where might a scientist publish their results

A

a scientific journal

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5
Q

limitations of the scientific method

A

•extent of knowledge
•basis of investigation
•human error
•experimental design
•ability to interpret results
•accidental discovery
•application to nature

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6
Q

functions of the skeleton

A

•protection
•movement
•support
•blood cell production

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7
Q

the bio molecule that is the main component of cartilage

A

protein

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8
Q

what are the innominate bones more commonly known as

A

the pelvis OR hip bones

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9
Q

what does DNA stand for

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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10
Q

name the base present in RNA that isn’t in DNA

A

uracil OR u

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11
Q

the term describing how bacteria reproduce asexually

A

binary fission

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12
Q

explanation for “food chains are limited in length”

A

a large amount of energy is lost as it passes to each trophic level, and it eventually becomes not enough

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13
Q

explain “there is always competition between members of a species”

A

members of a species need the same resources so there is always competition

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14
Q

explain “fruit formation by plantsl

A

to protect seeds

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15
Q

explain “urine volume will be low if a person doesn’t regularly drink fluids”

A

more water is reabsorbed

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16
Q

explain “doctors don’t prescribe antibiotics for viral infections”

A

antibiotics only kill bacteria or fungi

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17
Q

explain “meiosis halves the number of chromosomes in cells”

A

they do this to produce gametes for sexual reproduction

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18
Q

explain “the septum separate the two sides of the human heart”

A

it does this to prevent oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood from mixing

19
Q

what is the name of the process of water splitting in stage 1 of photosynthesis using energy in light

A

photolysis

20
Q

how is nadph produced

A

added or picked up electrons
added or picked up proton

21
Q

atp

A

adenosine triphosphate

22
Q

the parts of the earth where life can exist

A

biosphere

23
Q

living factors that have an effect in an ecosystem

A

biotic

24
Q

what is meant by anaerobic

A

oxygen is absent

25
Q

what other substance is produced in animal cells as a result of anaerobic respiration

A

lactic acid

26
Q

asepsis

A

free from pathogens

27
Q

sterility

A

free from micro organisms

28
Q

stage 1 in aerobic respiration

A

glycolysis

29
Q

what happened to electrons when they’re removed in krebs cycle

A

pass to NAD+ to make NADH then pass to electron transport chain and make water

30
Q

ADP + P + Energy ——->

A

ATP + H2O

31
Q

active site theory of enzyme action

A

•enzyme complementary shape to substrate
•enzyme substrate complex formed
•product formed
•enzyme returns to original shape & can be reused

32
Q

catabolic enzyme

A

amylase

33
Q

anabolic enzyme

A

polymerase

34
Q

harmful viruses

A

•common cold
•HIV
•corona virus

35
Q

his can viruses benefit humans

A

•can be used as a vector in genetic engineering
•potentially used to test bacterial infection
•vaccine production

36
Q

a way to distinguish between edible and poisonous mushrooms

A

using a key

37
Q

stolon function

A

•spread out/reproduction
a hypha that can move over the surface of the bread to help the fungus spread quicker

38
Q

rhizoid

A

•absorption of nutrients
special hyphae that grow deep into the bread to absorb food

39
Q

sporangium function

A

produce (release) spores

40
Q

vein that carrie’s blood richest in oxygen

A

pulmonary vein

41
Q

vein that carries blood between intestine and liver

A

hepatic portal vein

42
Q

vein that carries blood lowest in metabolic wastes

A

renal vein

43
Q

vein that carries blood into right atrium of heart

A

vena cava

44
Q

nutrient recycling

A

exchange of elements between organisms and their enviornment

biology exam paper corrections (20 decks)

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