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biology exam paper corrections > plant structure > Flashcards

plant structure Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

meristem

A

•region where mitosis can occur, rapid cell production

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2
Q

what plant did you use to carry out investigation of dicot stem

A

•celery

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3
Q

what showed that it was a dicot stem under the microscope

A

•vascular bundles in a circle

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4
Q

irish scientists who first described the upward movement of water in plants

A

•henry dixon
•john joly

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5
Q

root

A

•absorbs water from the soil and anchors the plant

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6
Q

shoot

A

•all the parts of the plant above the ground

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7
Q

bud

A

•where a new leaf will grow from

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8
Q

leaf

A

•where photosynthesis happens and lets gases in and out of the

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9
Q

flower

A

•allows for sexual reproduction

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10
Q

tap roots

A

•big and thick
•eg. carrots

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11
Q

fibrous roots

A

•skinny
•eg grass

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12
Q

protection zone in root

A

•protects the plant

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13
Q

meristematic zone in root

A

•is where the part of the root that’s dividing by mitosis (to grow)

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14
Q

elongation zone of root

A

•where cells get bigfer

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15
Q

differentiation zone in root

A

•where cells turn into different types of tissue

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16
Q

dermal tissue

A

•skin of the plant

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17
Q

ground tissue

A

•can store food and makes up most of root

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18
Q

vascular tissue

A

•carrie’s food and water around plant

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19
Q

terminal bud

A

•top of stem where new parts of the stem grow from

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20
Q

lateral bud

A

•part of stem where branches out the side will grow from

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21
Q

node

A

•bit where the junction between stem and leaf is

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22
Q

petiole

A

•the little bit between the stem and the leaf

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23
Q

midrib

A

•midrib and veins carry the vascular tissue through the lear

24
Q

phloem

A

•phloem carries food,
• is a big tube
•tube made up of sections and each section has a companion cell attatched to a sieve tube cell
•companion cell has nucleus which controls what happens in both cells

25
Q

sieve tube
(phloem)

A

•no nucleus
•where food flows
•at top and bottom of sieve tube is a wall with holes that lets food pass from one cell to next

26
Q

xylem

A

•carrie’s water
•mature xylem no nucleus
•xylem tissue dead when it matures
•two types: xylem tracheids and xylem vessels

27
Q

xylem vessels

A

•usually found in deciduous trees
•better at carrying water than tracheids
•long hollow tubes
•have pits to allow water to pass to vessel beside them
•have lignin wrapped around them for strength

28
Q

xylem tracheids

A

•not as good at carrying water
•long cells tapered at both ends
•walls thickened with lignin for support
•pits in walls to allow water & minerals to move sideways from cell to cell

29
Q

monocot

A

•only one cotyledon
•eg grass

30
Q

dicot

A

•two cotyledons
•eg buttercup

31
Q

features of monocot

A

•vascular bundles scattered in stem
•leaf veins parallel
•flower parts in multiples of 3

32
Q

features of dicot

A

•vascular bundles in circle
•leaf veins form netted pattern
•flower parts in multiples of 4/5

33
Q

functions of stem

A

•support the aerial parts
•transport materials to and from leaves

34
Q

functions of leaves

A

•make food
•exchange gases
•allow water loss

35
Q

where can find meristematic tissues

A

•shoot tip
•root tip
•bud
•seed

36
Q

function of root hair

A

•absorption

37
Q

food storage polysaccharide in plants

A

•starch

38
Q

type of modified stem that functions in food storage

A

•tuber

39
Q

a plant in which leaves are modified for food storage

A

•onion

40
Q

structural features of xylem allowing for upward mvmt of water

A

•thick walls
•tapered ends
•pits

41
Q

excretory organ in plant

A

•leaf
•stem
•root

42
Q

why use thin section for investigation

A

•to allow light to pass through well
•see cells clearly

43
Q

how cut stem safely

A

•with scalpel away from body

44
Q

where does most photosynthesis occur and why

A

•palisade layer
•it’s closer to sunlight & has more chloroplasts

45
Q

ways a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis

A

•flat, large surface area
•thin
•stomata
•large number of chloroplasts

46
Q

metabolic substances that pass through water

A

•carbon dioxide
•oxygen
•water

47
Q

gas that influences the diameter of stomata

A

•carbon dioxide

48
Q

structures in stems that are equivalent to stomata in leaves

A

•lenticels

49
Q

compounds that leave lenticels

A

•water
•carbon dioxide

50
Q

function of meristematic tissue

A

•mitosis

51
Q

what tissue is composed of living cells

A

phloem

52
Q

why is herbaceous stem rather than woody one

A

•easier to cut thin sections

53
Q

how did you prepare the microscope slide

A

•cut thin section away from self with scalpel
•transferred to slide with forceps, drop water with dropper on section, applied cover slip at angle

54
Q

how view the section with microscope

A

•slide onto stage
•adjust light, and use fine and coarse focus to see

55
Q

uses of iodine

A

•examining cells
•detect starch

biology exam paper corrections (20 decks)

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