plant structure Flashcards
meristem
•region where mitosis can occur, rapid cell production
what plant did you use to carry out investigation of dicot stem
•celery
what showed that it was a dicot stem under the microscope
•vascular bundles in a circle
irish scientists who first described the upward movement of water in plants
•henry dixon
•john joly
root
•absorbs water from the soil and anchors the plant
shoot
•all the parts of the plant above the ground
bud
•where a new leaf will grow from
leaf
•where photosynthesis happens and lets gases in and out of the
flower
•allows for sexual reproduction
tap roots
•big and thick
•eg. carrots
fibrous roots
•skinny
•eg grass
protection zone in root
•protects the plant
meristematic zone in root
•is where the part of the root that’s dividing by mitosis (to grow)
elongation zone of root
•where cells get bigfer
differentiation zone in root
•where cells turn into different types of tissue
dermal tissue
•skin of the plant
ground tissue
•can store food and makes up most of root
vascular tissue
•carrie’s food and water around plant
terminal bud
•top of stem where new parts of the stem grow from
lateral bud
•part of stem where branches out the side will grow from
node
•bit where the junction between stem and leaf is
petiole
•the little bit between the stem and the leaf
midrib
•midrib and veins carry the vascular tissue through the lear
phloem
•phloem carries food,
• is a big tube
•tube made up of sections and each section has a companion cell attatched to a sieve tube cell
•companion cell has nucleus which controls what happens in both cells
sieve tube
(phloem)
•no nucleus
•where food flows
•at top and bottom of sieve tube is a wall with holes that lets food pass from one cell to next
xylem
•carrie’s water
•mature xylem no nucleus
•xylem tissue dead when it matures
•two types: xylem tracheids and xylem vessels
xylem vessels
•usually found in deciduous trees
•better at carrying water than tracheids
•long hollow tubes
•have pits to allow water to pass to vessel beside them
•have lignin wrapped around them for strength
xylem tracheids
•not as good at carrying water
•long cells tapered at both ends
•walls thickened with lignin for support
•pits in walls to allow water & minerals to move sideways from cell to cell
monocot
•only one cotyledon
•eg grass
dicot
•two cotyledons
•eg buttercup
features of monocot
•vascular bundles scattered in stem
•leaf veins parallel
•flower parts in multiples of 3
features of dicot
•vascular bundles in circle
•leaf veins form netted pattern
•flower parts in multiples of 4/5
functions of stem
•support the aerial parts
•transport materials to and from leaves
functions of leaves
•make food
•exchange gases
•allow water loss
where can find meristematic tissues
•shoot tip
•root tip
•bud
•seed
function of root hair
•absorption
food storage polysaccharide in plants
•starch
type of modified stem that functions in food storage
•tuber
a plant in which leaves are modified for food storage
•onion
structural features of xylem allowing for upward mvmt of water
•thick walls
•tapered ends
•pits
excretory organ in plant
•leaf
•stem
•root
why use thin section for investigation
•to allow light to pass through well
•see cells clearly
how cut stem safely
•with scalpel away from body
where does most photosynthesis occur and why
•palisade layer
•it’s closer to sunlight & has more chloroplasts
ways a leaf is adapted for photosynthesis
•flat, large surface area
•thin
•stomata
•large number of chloroplasts
metabolic substances that pass through water
•carbon dioxide
•oxygen
•water
gas that influences the diameter of stomata
•carbon dioxide
structures in stems that are equivalent to stomata in leaves
•lenticels
compounds that leave lenticels
•water
•carbon dioxide
function of meristematic tissue
•mitosis
what tissue is composed of living cells
phloem
why is herbaceous stem rather than woody one
•easier to cut thin sections
how did you prepare the microscope slide
•cut thin section away from self with scalpel
•transferred to slide with forceps, drop water with dropper on section, applied cover slip at angle
how view the section with microscope
•slide onto stage
•adjust light, and use fine and coarse focus to see
uses of iodine
•examining cells
•detect starch
