fungi Flashcards
nutrient added to the agar to enable the growth of leafy yeast in investigation
•malt
control in the investigation of growth of leaf yeast using agar played
•agar plate without a leaf
are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic
eukaryotic
how do parasitic fungi live
•eating a live host
facultative parasite
•fungi that can feed off a live or dead host
obligate parasites
•fungi that have to live off a live host
how does rhizopus feed
•releases enzymes into bread to digest it and then sucks up the nutrients
hypha
•grows into bread to absorb food
mycelium
•a group of hyphae together
rhizoids
•special hyphae that grow deep into the bread to absorb food
stolon
•a hypha that can move over the surface of the bread to help the fungus spread quicker
asexual reproduction in rhizopus
- Sporangiophores grow upwards
- tip of these tubes swells into sporangium
- cells in sporangium divide by mitosis to form spores
- sporangiophores dry out and spores blow away
sexual reproduction in rhizopus
- Plus & minus strain line up beside each other
- Nuclei from both hyphae move into swellings called progametangia
- Cross-walls form to produce gametangia
- walls of gametangia dissolve and no. of fertilisations occur producing diploid zygote nuclei
- zygospore forms around these nuclei
- When conditions suitable, zygospore germinates by meiosis
- hypha grows out of zygospore & produces a sporangium at tip
- sporangium opens releasing many haploid spores which grow
into new individuals
is yeast multi or uni cellular
unicellular
yeast usage
•make beer
asexual reproduction of yeast
•budding
advantages of fungi
•fungi can be used to make beer and we can eat them
disadvantages of fungi
•can cause diseases like athletes foot and cause food to go off
what trees have a special type of yeast growing on the underside of their leaves
•sycamore
to grow fungi, you stick leaf into pétri dish and allow spores to fall onto
•nutrient agar
what does agar do
•makes water solid so you can see what’s growing on top
why is it called nutrient agar
•as it has food for yeast/bacteria
method of aseptic conditions
•wash hands
•don’t open lid of plate for too long
method of sterile conditions
•pass apparatus through flame of bunsen burner
what should yeast look like
•grow in shape of leaf and in pink circles
why more yeast on leaves in countryside
•yeast don’t like pollution
what feature of a zygospore aids survival
•thick wall
correct disposal method for plates
•soak in disinfectant
how did you store the plates until the yeasts were visible
•upside down in incubator at 25 degrees for 2-7 days
why is the genetic make up of cell and parent cell in yeast in asexual reproduction identical
•reproduced by mitosis
advantages of budding
•characteristics maintained
disadvantages of budding
•increased risk of disease
how introduce yeast into pétri dishes
attatch leaves to inside of lid
differences between fungi and plantae
•fungi have cell wall of chitin/plantae have cell wall of cellulose
•fungi have no chloroplasts/plantae have chlorplasts
method of asexual reproduction in rhizopus name
•sporulation
purpose of control in this yeast experiment
•to show that the yeast came from the leaf and not from agar
benefits of zygospores
•can survive drought
•dispersal
what happens to new cells formed in budding in yeast
•forms a colony
how does asexual reproduction in rhizopus differ from than in yeast
•rhizopus produce spores
