2018 Flashcards
main structural polysaccharide in plant
cellulose
structural role of lipids
found in membrane
insulation
community
all the organisms in an area
population
all the organisms of a particular species living in an area
niche
the role of an organism in its ecosystem
qualitative survey
to establish the presence or absence of a species
cancer
a group of disorders due to uncontrolled rate of mitosis
genetic engineering
manipulation of genes
isolation
(genetic engineering)
removal of a gene (or piece of dna or of a plasmid)
expression
(genetic engineering)
the gene causes the production of protein (or product)
rings of dna used as cloning vectors
plasmids
applications of genetic engineering
animals : clotting factors, lactose free milk, growth hormone
plants : resistance to herbicide, slow ripening, longer shelf life
microorganisms : production of interferon, oil breakdown
why should paper be left to dry out in fat test
to ensure translucent stain isn’t just water
where does dark stage take place in cell
chloroplast
why is elodea used in experiment of photosynthesis
aquatic plant produced bubbles
how rhizopus differs from yeast
•multicellular
•has hyphae
•produces zygospores
aseptic techniques
•minimal opening of containers
•wash bench with disinfectant
•sterilizing instruments
•wash hands
type of agar for fungi
malt agar
how to identify leaf yeast on agar
pink colonies
why few/no leaf yeasts on agar
•air pollution
•time of year
•recent rainfall
•unsuitable temperature
why pyramids of numbers usually constructed to three or four levels
due to large energy loss at each level
conservation
management of the environment to maintain biodiversity and prevent extinction
where does carbon dioxide enter the blood
the cells
precise location of sa node
right atrium
role of sa node
•generates and sends electrical impulses
precise location of the av node
in the septum between the right atrium and right ventricle
role of av node
•causes contraction in the ventricles and controls heart rate
what’s measured when a persons blood pressure is taken
•force of blood against the wall of the artery
•force required to stop flow of blood in the artery
adv of cell using atp as energy source
•atp released energy in sustainable quantities
•energy is available for immediate use
•energy is recycled
nitrogenous base in atp
adenine
sugar in atp
ribose
human storage polysaccharide
glycogen
a major storage location of glycogen
•liver
•muscle
fate of atp in krebs cycle
breaks down and released energy
fate of nadh in krebs cycle
breaks down and releases electrons
substances to immobilise enzymes
•sodium alginate
•calcium chloride
advs of immobilized enzymes
•reusable
•recovered easily
•pure product
biologically active entities that only contain one type of nucleic acid
viruses
locations in eukaryotic cells where rna but no dna is found
cytosol
ribosome
evolution
inheritable change within a population in response to change of environment or over time
theory of evolution by natural selection
organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and of in the genes that aided their success
binary fission
•dna replicates
•cell elongates
•dna move to opposite sides
•in growth of membrane
•cell splits in two
batch processing
growth in a closed system with a specific amount of nutrient medium
defined amts if nutrient material and living matter are placed in a bioreactor and removed when the process is complete
how certain bacteria respond to unfavorable conditions
they form an endospore
bile contains bile salts
they emulsify fats
provide optimum ph for enzymes in the duodenum
active immunity lasts
antibodies are produced
humans sweat during exercise
body temperature increases and sweat evaporates using heat from body
