respiration Flashcards
we need energy for
•movement and growth
equation for respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6H20 + 6CO2 + energy
where is energy stored
•in the bonds of the glucose molecule
aerobic respiration
•the controlled release of energy from food using oxygen
ATP
•a molecule that can trap and release energy like a rechargeable battery
NADH
•a molecule that can carry two high energy electrons and a proton
goal of respiration
•make lots of NADH then use this to make lots of ATP, be breathe out CO2
what is the bi product of respiration
•CO2
name of stage 1,
where does it occur,
anaerobic or aerobic
•glycolysis
•cytosol
•anaerobic
what happens in glycolysis
•glucose (6 carbon molecules) is split in half to form two 3 carbon molecules called pyruvate
•ATP and NADH are formed
•does not require oxygen
is stage 2 anaerobic or aerobic
•aerobic
stage 2
•pyruvate moves to mitochondria (only if there’s oxygen present)
•mitochondria is special organelle that can produce lots of energy
•pyruvate broken down into 2 carbon molecule called Acetyl CoA
•CO2 and NADH formed but NO ATP
krebs cycle
•in mitochondria
•acetyl coa goes through krebs cycle (series of reactions)
•lots of NADH formed, a little ATP formed and a little CO2 formed
where is the electron transport chain
•in the cristae of the mitochondria
electron transport chain
•high energy electrons in NADH are passed along a series of electron acceptors
•as they pass, lots of ATP forms
•electrons react with oxygen at the end and form water
anaerobic respiration
•the release of energy from food without oxygen
does anaerobic respiration produce a lot or little ATP
•a little ATP
what does pyruvate get converted to in anaerobic respiration
•lactic acid
biotechnology
•the use of living things or their components to manufacture useful products or carry out useful reactions
what is the other name for anaerobic respiration
•fermentation
what do yeast cells produce when the carry out fermentation
•alcohol
during fermentation, what do yeast cells release as a biproduct
•CO2
what are cells put into in biotechnology
•a bioreactor
what is the substrate
•the food for the cells that is added to the bioreactor
what products can yeast cells make
•beer
•medicine
optimum growing conditions
•keep at just right temp and just right pH so cells can produce most products possible
if you put yeast in a flask and add glucose what happens
•the yeast will eat the glucose and make alcohol
to yeast cells use oxygen and what do they release as a biproduct
•anaerobic no oxyegn
•produce CO2 as biproduct
why do you boil the solution and add oil
•to make sure there’s no oxygen present
what kingdom does yeast belong to
•fungi
how can you check if CO2 was produced
•using limewater, it’ll turn milky
how can you check if alcohol was produced
•using potassium dichromate, after you heat it, it’ll turn orange to green
why keep yeast cells at optimum temp
allows enzymes to work at their best
why alcohol production eventually stop
yeats runs out of glucose to eat
how know when reaction stopped
bubbles stop
name a test for alcohol and final colour observed if alcohol was present
•iodoform
•yellow
what happens to electrons after they’re removed from krebs cycle
•pass along electron transport chain, lose energy as they go and join with oxygen at the end to make water
ADP + ____ + Energy —> ATP + ____
ADP + P + Energy —> ATP + H2O
function of NAD
•carries high energy electrons
•carries protons
how is ATP made
•ADP + P + energy
how is NADH made
•NAD+ picks up a proton and 2 electrons
