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biology exam paper corrections > respiration > Flashcards

respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

we need energy for

A

•movement and growth

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2
Q

equation for respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6H20 + 6CO2 + energy

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3
Q

where is energy stored

A

•in the bonds of the glucose molecule

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4
Q

aerobic respiration

A

•the controlled release of energy from food using oxygen

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5
Q

ATP

A

•a molecule that can trap and release energy like a rechargeable battery

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6
Q

NADH

A

•a molecule that can carry two high energy electrons and a proton

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7
Q

goal of respiration

A

•make lots of NADH then use this to make lots of ATP, be breathe out CO2

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8
Q

what is the bi product of respiration

A

•CO2

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9
Q

name of stage 1,
where does it occur,
anaerobic or aerobic

A

•glycolysis
•cytosol
•anaerobic

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10
Q

what happens in glycolysis

A

•glucose (6 carbon molecules) is split in half to form two 3 carbon molecules called pyruvate
•ATP and NADH are formed
•does not require oxygen

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11
Q

is stage 2 anaerobic or aerobic

A

•aerobic

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12
Q

stage 2

A

•pyruvate moves to mitochondria (only if there’s oxygen present)
•mitochondria is special organelle that can produce lots of energy
•pyruvate broken down into 2 carbon molecule called Acetyl CoA
•CO2 and NADH formed but NO ATP

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13
Q

krebs cycle

A

•in mitochondria
•acetyl coa goes through krebs cycle (series of reactions)
•lots of NADH formed, a little ATP formed and a little CO2 formed

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14
Q

where is the electron transport chain

A

•in the cristae of the mitochondria

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15
Q

electron transport chain

A

•high energy electrons in NADH are passed along a series of electron acceptors
•as they pass, lots of ATP forms
•electrons react with oxygen at the end and form water

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16
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

•the release of energy from food without oxygen

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17
Q

does anaerobic respiration produce a lot or little ATP

A

•a little ATP

18
Q

what does pyruvate get converted to in anaerobic respiration

A

•lactic acid

19
Q

biotechnology

A

•the use of living things or their components to manufacture useful products or carry out useful reactions

20
Q

what is the other name for anaerobic respiration

A

•fermentation

21
Q

what do yeast cells produce when the carry out fermentation

A

•alcohol

22
Q

during fermentation, what do yeast cells release as a biproduct

A

•CO2

23
Q

what are cells put into in biotechnology

A

•a bioreactor

24
Q

what is the substrate

A

•the food for the cells that is added to the bioreactor

25
Q

what products can yeast cells make

A

•beer
•medicine

26
Q

optimum growing conditions

A

•keep at just right temp and just right pH so cells can produce most products possible

27
Q

if you put yeast in a flask and add glucose what happens

A

•the yeast will eat the glucose and make alcohol

28
Q

to yeast cells use oxygen and what do they release as a biproduct

A

•anaerobic no oxyegn
•produce CO2 as biproduct

29
Q

why do you boil the solution and add oil

A

•to make sure there’s no oxygen present

30
Q

what kingdom does yeast belong to

A

•fungi

31
Q

how can you check if CO2 was produced

A

•using limewater, it’ll turn milky

32
Q

how can you check if alcohol was produced

A

•using potassium dichromate, after you heat it, it’ll turn orange to green

33
Q

why keep yeast cells at optimum temp

A

allows enzymes to work at their best

34
Q

why alcohol production eventually stop

A

yeats runs out of glucose to eat

35
Q

how know when reaction stopped

A

bubbles stop

36
Q

name a test for alcohol and final colour observed if alcohol was present

A

•iodoform
•yellow

37
Q

what happens to electrons after they’re removed from krebs cycle

A

•pass along electron transport chain, lose energy as they go and join with oxygen at the end to make water

38
Q

ADP + ____ + Energy —> ATP + ____

A

ADP + P + Energy —> ATP + H2O

39
Q

function of NAD

A

•carries high energy electrons
•carries protons

40
Q

how is ATP made

A

•ADP + P + energy

41
Q

how is NADH made

A

•NAD+ picks up a proton and 2 electrons

biology exam paper corrections (20 decks)

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