genetics

Question 1

mendels law of segregation

Answer 1

•inherited characteristics are controlled by pairs of alleles that separate at gamete formation, with only one member of the pair of alleles being found in each gamete

Question 2

mendels law of independent assortment

Answer 2

•when gametes are formed either of a pair of alleles is equally likely to combine with either of another pair of alleles

Question 3

gene

Answer 3

•a piece of DNA that codes for a protein

Question 4

recessive

Answer 4

•the allele is masked by the dominant allele

Question 5

cause of gene mutations

Answer 5

•chemicals
•radiation

Question 6

type of mutation and condition cause (other than gene)

Answer 6

•chromosome
•downs syndrome

Question 7

what term is used to describe an allele present on the X chromosome

Answer 7

•sex linked

Question 8

what does it mean that the genes aren’t linked

Answer 8

•the genes are present on different chromosomes

Question 9

if genes were linked, in contrast to if they weren’t, what would happen

Answer 9

•less variation in offspring as linked genes tend to stay together during gamete formation

Question 10

characteristics of mutant alleles in a population

Answer 10

•random occurrence
•low frequency
•disadvantageous

Question 11

isolation

Answer 11

•removing a piece of dna from a cell

Question 12

cutting

Answer 12

•dna is cut using restriction enzymes

Question 13

gene expression

Answer 13

•production of protein

Question 14

allele

Answer 14

•a version of a gene

Question 15

incomplete dominance

Answer 15

•when both alleles are expressed

Question 16

phenotype

Answer 16

•the physical expression of a gene

Question 17

process of genetic engineering up to the point of expression

Answer 17

•isolation on DNA from cells
•cutting of gene from chromosome using restriction enzymes
•ligation of gene with vector or host DNA
•transformation of host cell, uptakes DNA
•cloning- production of identical copies of the bacterium containing target gene
•expression- formation of product

Question 18

ligation

Answer 18

•the joining of two sections of DNA to form a single strand

Question 19

transformation

Answer 19

•the uptake of DNA into the cell

Question 20

cloning

Answer 20

•the production of identical copies of the bacterium containing the target gene

Question 21

applications of genetic engineering in plants

Answer 21

•weed killer resistant crops
•many crops plants have bacterial genes added to them and are resistant to particular weed killers
•when herbicide is sprayed on the crop it’ll kill the weeds but not the transgenic plants

Question 22

applications of genetic engineering in animals

Answer 22

•sheep produce a protein to treat emphysema
•some ppl have faulty gene so they can’t produce a protective protein in their lungs, leads to collapse of alveoli
•a working human gene for this protein has been inserted into sheep DNA and sheep can produce the protein in their milk

Question 23

applications of genetic engineering in micro organisms

Answer 23

•bacteria make insulin
•involves inserting gene for human insulin into a bacterium then it produces large quantities of insulin
•means that ppl with diabetics could inject themselves with human insulin

Question 24

species

Answer 24

•interbreeding/producing fertile offspring

Question 25

role of RNA polymerase

Answer 25

•joins nucleotides together to make RNA

Question 26

heterozygous

Answer 26

•the two alleles are different

Question 27

genotype

Answer 27

•the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 28

sex linked

Answer 28

•gene located on the x or y chromosome